ZAKŁAD FIZYKI POWIERZCHNI i NANOTECHNOLOGII

@article{Cegiel2008,

title = {STM study of titanium silicide nanostructure growth on Si(1 1 1)-(sqrt(19) × sqrt(19)) substrate},

author = {Maciej Cegiel and Maciej Bazarnik and Piotr Biskupski and Szymon Winiarz and Jarosław Gutek and A. Boś and Shozo Suto and Sławomir Mielcarek and Andrzej Wawro and Ryszard Czajka},

doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.05.001},

issn = {01694332},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

urldate = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Applied Surface Science},

volume = {254},

number = {21},

pages = {6948--6951},

abstract = {We have performed an STM/STS study of titanium silicide nanostructures grown on Si(1 1 1)-(sqrt(19) × sqrt(19)) substrate by Ti evaporation and post-deposition annealing. The (sqrt(19) × sqrt(19)) reconstruction was induced by Ni doping. The reaction between the deposited material and the substrate at 220 K was radically different from that observed in the case of the standard Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) substrate, as evidenced by the different evaporation time necessary to obtain a comparable coverage of the surface. The annealing was accomplished by direct heating of a crystal sample (up to 520 K, 670 K and 970 K). Measurements showed that coalescence of Ti nanoislands began between 520 K and 670 K. Annealing above 900 K led to alloying of Ti, Ni and Si. As a consequence, Si(1 1 1)-(7 × 7) reconstruction occurred at the cost of Si(1 1 1)-(sqrt(19) × sqrt(19)). textcopyright 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Winiarz2007,

title = {STS investigations of metallic nanostructures deposited on Bi2Te3},

author = {Szymon Winiarz and Piotr Biskupski and Stanislaw Szuba and Sławomir Mielcarek and Ryszard Czajka},

doi = {10.1142/S0218625X07009657},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

urldate = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Surface Review and Letters},

volume = {14},

number = {3},

pages = {357--360},

abstract = {Bi2Te3 has attracted attention due to its potential applications in the microfabrication of integrated thermoelectric devices. It is also interesting to study the metallization process of this compound. Metallic nanostructures were deposited by means of an electron gun evaporator in ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions (10^(−8) Pa) on the freshly cleaved 0001 surface of the crystal Bi2Te3. Measurements were conducted using the commercially available Omicron UHV scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements were performed using current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS), and subsequent calcu- lation of the dI/dV maps. Metallic characteristics were observed on nickel islands since early stages of the growth. CITS and dI/dV maps showed distinct contrast between the substrate and metallic islands. Similar contrast was not observed in the case of titanium, most probably due to an intercalation process. Occurring of such a process was confirmed by the appearance of the superlattice structure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kaminski2007,

title = {The study of electron properties of carbon nanotubes deposited on highly orientated pyrolytical graphite using scanning probe spectroscopy},

author = {Maciej Kamiński and M Wróblewski and Maciej Ccegiel and Bronisław Susła},

doi = {10.12693/aphyspola.111.661},

issn = {05874246},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

urldate = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {111},

number = {5},

pages = {661--669},

abstract = {In this paper we present experimental investigations of carbon nanotubes deposited on highly orientated pyrolytical graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The aforementioned methods apart from detailed topographic data provided us with information about local density of state. We also show the I-V and dI/dV characteristics, which display the metallic and semiconducting characters of investigated carbon nanotubes. All measurements were taken in the air and at room temperature.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kato2007,

title = {Preparation of an ultraclean and atomically controlled hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-(1×1) surface revealed by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy: Aqueous NH4F etching process of Si(},

author = {Hiroki Kato and Takumi Taoka and Susumu Nishikata and Gen Sazaki and Taro Yamada and Ryszard Czajka and Andrzej Wawro and Kazuo Nakajima and Atsuo Kasuya and Shozo Suto},

doi = {10.1143/JJAP.46.5701},

issn = {00214922},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

urldate = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers},

volume = {46},

number = {9 A},

pages = {5701--5705},

abstract = {We propose an improved wet chemical process for preparing a high-quality hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-(1×1) surface and show an atomically ordered and ultraclean surface without carbon and oxygen contamination. The vibrational properties and surface morphology are investigated by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The HREELS spectra and images of AFM and STM reveal the precise aqueous NH4F etching process of Si(111) and indicate the high controllability of steps and terraces at the atomic scale. The surface cleanliness and morphology strongly depend on the etching time. At the etching time of 10min, we obtain an ultraclean and atomically ordered surface with wide terraces of 36 ±7nm step distance. It is confirmed by AFM and STM that 1.0% ammonium sulfite is useful for removing dissolved oxygen in the 40% NH4F etching solution and for preparing a high-quality H:Si(111)-(1× 1) surface with a low density of etch pits. The onset of tunneling current and the gap of 1.39 eV are measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. There is no peak at -1.3 eV in comparison with the previous report [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 1917]. textcopyright 2007 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Winiarz2007a,

title = {STM/STS investigations of titanium oxide nanostructures on au substrate},

author = {Szymon Winiarz and Wanda Polewska and Ryszard Czajka},

doi = {10.1016/j.matlet.2007.03.052},

issn = {0167577X},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

urldate = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Materials Letters},

volume = {61},

number = {26},

pages = {4818--4820},

abstract = {Au substrate was prepared by Au evaporation on Si(111) surface. Au surface was composed of Au grains with typical diameter of about 50 nm with atomically flat terraces. TiO2 nanostructures were created by electron gun evaporation of Ti while simultaneous dosing of high purity O2 gas. The pressure of oxygen was kept at 5 textperiodcentered 10^(- 8) mbar and controlled by means of residual gas analyzer (RGA). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images showed that TiO2 nanocrystallites had grown between Au grains in cavities between them. This may suggest that such spots are preferred TiO2 nucleation sites. I-V curves measured above Au showed metallic properties while those measured above TiO2 exhibit energy gap characteristics for semiconducting material. textcopyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Richter2006,

title = {Processing and morphology of molecularly imprinted nylon thin films},

author = {Asta Richter and Ursula J. Gibson and Marek Nowicki and Joseph J. BelBruno},

doi = {10.1002/app.23369},

issn = {00218995},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Polymer Science},

volume = {101},

number = {5},

pages = {2919--2926},

abstract = {The characterization of thin, selectively imprinted films of nylon-6 was performed. Amino acids were used as template molecules. Spin-cast films were prepared with sizes ranging from 2 $mu$m to 300 nm, depending on the nylon and template concentration in the casting solution. The morphological characteristics of the film surface were examined by atomic force microscopy, and the structure within the films was observed by freeze-fracture scanning electron microscopy. The film activity was clearly coordinated with the appearance of nanometer-sized pores both on the surface and within the film. textcopyright 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Liu2006,

title = {Molecular fluorescence from H2TBP porphyrin film on Ag substrate excited by tunneling electrons},

author = {Hongwen Liu and Ryusuke Nishitani and Yutaka Ie and Koichi Sudoh and Marek Nowicki and Tatsuo Yoshinobu and Yoshio Aso and Hiroshi Iwasaki},

doi = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.01.011},

issn = {03043991},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Ultramicroscopy},

volume = {106},

number = {8-9},

pages = {785--788},

abstract = {Molecular fluorescence from H2TBP porphyrin (H2TBPP) films on Ag substrate is excited by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at ambient conditions. The molecular films are prepared by spin-casting method. The thickness of films can be controlled by the times of dropping H2TBPP solution. Molecular fluorescence of as-above prepared H2TBPP films with 4-14 nm thickness at both polarities of applied bias voltage are well defined in good matching with its photoluminescence spectrum, which suggests the same decay channel associated with the HOMO-LUMO radiative transitions similar to H2TBPP/Au. The thickness dependence of light emission intensity of molecular fluorescence has been studied. The results show that for thicker film, molecular fluoresceence tends to be much stronger due to the effective decoupling of the emitter from the metal substrate. textcopyright 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Richter2006a,

title = {Multi-cycling nanoindentation in MgO single crystals before and after ion irradiation},

author = {Asta Richter and Bodo Wolf and Marek Nowicki and Roger Smith and Igor O. Usov and James. A. Valdez and Kurt Sickafus},

doi = {10.1088/0022-3727/39/15/018},

issn = {00223727},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},

volume = {39},

number = {15},

pages = {3342--3349},

abstract = {The paper presents a nanoindentation study of MgO single crystals before and after ion irradiation up to a fluence of 1020 Ar+ m-2. It is confirmed that crystalline MgO is a brittle material of comparatively high nanohardness, ranging from H ≤ 12.5 to 14.5 GPa depending on surface orientation. The plastic deformation is based on a dislocation glide with formation of slip bands giving rise to piling up around the indent which is strongly related to the sample crystallography. Repeated loading-unloading cycles (multi-cycling) revealed the appearance of hysteresis loops that are related to nanofracturing. Irradiation with 100 keV Ar+ ions resulted in a reproducible hardness increase to a value of H ≤ 19 GPa independent of surface orientation. The indentation modulus E ≤ 285 GPa remained unaffected by ion irradiation. Furthermore, no hysteresis loop in the force-displacement curve was formed with multi-cycling after implantation. This is explained in terms of point defect assisted plasticity: defect pinning will decrease the dislocation mobility and hence increase the hardness and also cause the sample to become less brittle resulting in a large decrease in nanocrack formations. In contrast to the dislocation glide, the point defect contribution to plastic deformation is almost orientation independent. This picture is supported by the orientation independent hardness as well as by the observation that ion irradiated samples exhibit a reduction in, and more homogeneously distributed, piling up around the indent. textcopyright 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Stachowska2006,

title = {A way to the engineering of the quantum states of trapped ions - Report of work in progress},

author = {Ewa Stachowska and Gustaw Szawioła and Adam Buczek and Wojciech Koczorowski and Bogusław Furmann and Andrzej Krzykowski and Danuta Stefańska and Adrian Walaszyk and Andrzej Jarosz and Jerzy Dembczyński},

issn = {00785466},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Optica Applicata},

volume = {36},

number = {4},

pages = {581--586},

abstract = {We studied the influence of geometry on the interaction of ions in a Paul trap with microwave radiation and the spatial velocity distribution from the Doppler shift. Non-linear resonances in a Paul trap for Pr+ ions were observed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Koczorowski2006,

title = {Experimental investigation of the stability diagram for Paul traps in the case of praseodymium ions},

author = {Wojciech Koczorowski and Gustaw Szawioła and Adrian Walaszyk and Adam Buczek and Danuta Stefańska and Ewa Stachowska},

doi = {10.1007/s10751-006-9483-2},

issn = {03043843},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Hyperfine Interactions},

volume = {171},

pages = {233--241},

abstract = {The present paper describes an investigation of non-linear resonances of praseodymium ion clouds stored in a Paul trap as a function of the storage parameters. These have been observed in traps with different ring electrode diameters. In these different traps the resonances occur for different values of the operating parameters. Discrepancies with the approximation model for one ion have been found. The intensity of the fluorescence signal and the Doppler half width have been recorded as a function of one of the storage parameters: q. We use our results to optimize the fluorescence signal of the stored ions, which is especially useful in the case of the double-resonance method. textcopyright 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Richter2006b,

title = {Nanomechanical measurements on glutamine molecularly imprinted nylon films},

author = {Asta Richter and Michael Gruner and Joseph J. BelBruno and Ursula J. Gibson and Marek Nowicki},

doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.10.087},

issn = {09277757},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},

volume = {284-285},

pages = {401--408},

abstract = {Thin, selectively imprinted films of nylon-6 are produced by spin casting with glutamine used as a template molecule. The template molecules can be extracted from the films by a formic acid wash and later reloaded with a similar solution. Infra-red spectroscopy gives a clear characterization of the chemical components of the films. Depth sensing nanoindentation is applied to determine the mechanical properties of the molecularly imprinted polymer films. An optimized multi-cycling test function with a sequence of several loading and unloading procedures was developed. Typical hysteresis loops are visible in the load-displacement charts, which allow the quantitative measurement of the visco-elasticity of the material and a comparison relative to the total elastic contribution during deformation. The characteristic depth dependent hardness and the elastic indentation modulus are also obtained from the nanomechanical tests. Changes in the polymer network caused by the inclusion of the template molecules are clearly related to the nanomechanical properties and are systematically studied in this work. The relative energy loss for pure nylon films lies between 35 and 50% depending on the crystallinity of the films. The glutamine template molecule makes the polymer matrix stiffer due to strong hydrogen bonds between the amino acid and the nylon chains. Removal of the glutamine molecules results in a considerable increase of the visco-elastic energy loss of approximately 16%, whereas reloading again results in an increase of the indentation modulus and the hardness. textcopyright 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Winiarz2006,

title = {Nanostructure characterization of (SmS)1.19TaS2 by means of STM/STS},

author = {Szymon Winiarz and Tomasz Klimczuk and Robert J. Cava and Ryszard Czajka},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.09.030},

issn = {00220248},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

urldate = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Crystal Growth},

volume = {297},

number = {1},

pages = {7--9},

abstract = {Layered transition-metal dichalcogenide (LTMD) materials have been studied extensively. These materials can be easily intercalated with different elements due to their layered structure. This report shows the results of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) investigations of (SmS)1.19TaS2 misfit-layer compound. This compound is composed of two trigonal triple layers of S-Ta-S separated from one another by the SmS double layer. The structure of SmS layers exhibits square symmetry contrary to the trigonal TaS2 host structure. The observed lattice symmetry suggests that the SmS layer was exposed due to cleavage process made before measurements. The I-V characteristics measured above the sample surface showed metallic-like behavior of this material. textcopyright 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Koczorowski2005,

title = {Laser spectroscopic investigation of isotope shifts in Nd II lines},

author = {Wojciech Koczorowski and Ewa Stachowska and Bogusław Furmann and Danuta Stefańska and Andrzej Jarosz and Andrzej Krzykowski and Adrian Walaszyk and Gustaw Szawioła and Adam Buczek},

doi = {10.1016/j.sab.2005.02.010},

issn = {05848547},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

urldate = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy},

volume = {60},

number = {4},

pages = {447--453},

abstract = {The isotope shift of 11 optical transitions in Nd II in the spectral range 420-450 nm have been recorded (in all cases but one for all pairs of even Nd isotopes). For all observed transitions the values of the field shifts, the specific mass shifts and $Delta$|$psi$(0)|2 have been evaluated. Using our new data, combined with data reported in earlier papers, term isotope shifts for all pairs of even Nd isotopes have been determined for 27 energy levels and for the configurations: 4f46s, 4f45d, 4f 35d6s and 4f46p as well. It is shown that configuration assignment of a level on the basis of term shift values only is in some cases not satisfactory (as e.g. of the level at 22,696 cm-1) and obviously additional information is required. textcopyright 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Walaszyk2005,

title = {Nonlinear resonances in a quadrupole ion trap by laser induced fluorescence},

author = {Adrian Walaszyk and Adam Buczek and Wojciech Koczorowski and Danuta Stefańska and Gustaw Szawioła and Ewa Stachowska},

doi = {10.1117/12.629475},

issn = {0277786X},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

urldate = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Fifth Workshop on Atomic and Molecular Physics},

volume = {5849},

pages = {210--213},

abstract = {Nonlinear resonances in a quadrupole trap using laser induced fluorescence (LIF) were studied in Nd+ and Pr+ for the first time. Two type of resonances have been recorded: pure coupling resonances and resonances along the trap axis. The relevant parameters of these resonances have been determined.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Walaszyk2005a,

title = {Observation of space charge effects in dynamics of trapped ions},

author = {Adrian Walaszyk and Danuta Stefańska and Sławomir Zdrojewski and Adam Buczek and Wojciech Koczorowski and Gustaw Szawioła and Ewa Stachowska},

doi = {10.1117/12.629481},

issn = {0277786X},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

urldate = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Fifth Workshop on Atomic and Molecular Physics},

volume = {5849},

number = {2},

pages = {217},

abstract = {In the present work an effect of space charge in a Paul trap has been observed for selected rare earth elements as a shift of secular frequency of ion motion. For Pr+ ions influence of relative number of stored ions on the value of the shift has been examined and initial estimates of the number of ions are given.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Walaszyk2005b,

title = {Modulation of LIF emitted by trapped ions by variation of trapping potential},

author = {Adrian Walaszyk and Adam Buczek and Wojciech Koczorowski and Danuta Stefańska and Gustaw Szawioła and Ewa Stachowska},

doi = {10.1117/12.629479},

issn = {0277786X},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

urldate = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Fifth Workshop on Atomic and Molecular Physics},

volume = {5849},

pages = {214},

abstract = {In laser induced fluorescence signal of Pr+ ions stored in a Paul trap an effect of intensity modulation with scanning of the operating point along a axis has been observed. So far only initial results are available and unequivocal interpretation of this effect cannot be given yet, but it is most likely concerned with some collective behavior of the ion cloud.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oszwadowski2004,

title = {Growth of InSb thin films on GaAs(100) substrates by flash evaporation epitaxy},

author = {Maciej Oszwałdowski and Tomasz Berus and Anna Borowska and Ryszard Czajka and Maciej Zimniak},

doi = {10.1002/pssc.200303943},

issn = {16101634},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

urldate = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Physica Status Solidi C: Conferences},

volume = {1},

number = {2},

pages = {351--354},

abstract = {A two-stage flash-evaporation epitaxy of InSb thin films on GaAs(100) substrates is developed. In the first, low temperature stage, a buffer layer of thickness of about 20 nm is deposited. In the second, high temperature stage the bulk of the film is deposited. Thus obtained InSb films have good structural and electrical properties, comparable with those obtained by MBE. They can be used for practical applications, e.g. for Hall sensors. textcopyright 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Czerwosz2004,

title = {Topographical and morphological studies of the superficial structure changes during the growth of heterogeneous carbonaceous films with Ni nano-crystals inclusion},

author = {Elżbieta Czerwosz and Piotr Dłużewski and Mirosław Kozłowski and Marek Nowicki and Asta Richter},

doi = {10.1016/j.vacuum.2003.12.146},

issn = {0042207X},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

urldate = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Vacuum},

volume = {74},

number = {2},

pages = {311--315},

abstract = {The stages of fullerenes-Ni film growth were studied with scanning force microscopy. In the first stage the formation of separated fullerenes grains and Ni nanocrystals were observed. In later stages the interaction between growing objects and agglomeration process of Ni nanocrystals could be noticed. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to obtain information about the structure and morphology of compact forms of the growing film. textcopyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Oszwadowski2004a,

title = {Textural properties of InSb thin films},

author = {Maciej Oszwałdowski and Tomasz Berus and Anna Borowska and Marek Nowicki and Asta Richter and Keshra Sangwal},

doi = {10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.01.051},

issn = {00220248},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

urldate = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Crystal Growth},

volume = {265},

number = {1-2},

pages = {83--93},

abstract = {The growth of flash-evaporated InSb films on non-oriented substrates between 160°C and 450°C is investigated. For the substrate temperatures Ts<400°C the films are textured in the (1 1 0) plane, and their average grain size is of the order of 0.2$mu$m. At T s≥400°C the preferred grains orientation becomes a mixture of the (1 1 0) and the (1 1 1), with a predominance of the (1 1 1) orientation at the highest temperatures. The average grain size increases to about 1$mu$m. The low-temperature texture in the (1 1 0) plane can be explained by the kinetic theory of the nucleation process and grain development, whereas the high-temperature orientation distribution can be explained by the thermodynamic requirements of minimization of the surface energy of the system. The latter consideration assumes that the lowest surface energy planes in InSb are (1 1 0), (1 1 1)A and (1 1 1)B and that the energies have comparable magnitudes. textcopyright 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gutek2003,

title = {STM / STS Investigations of Surface Evolution of Si(111)-(7x7) Induced with Nickel},

author = {Jarosław Gutek and Stanislaw Szuba and Ryszard Czajka},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.104.345},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {104},

number = {3-4},

pages = {345--350},

abstract = {By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we studied the surface evolution of Si(111)-(7x7) induced with nickel follow ed by annealing at specified temperatures (400, 600, and 800 C) . Nickel evaporation resulted with 0.05 ML and 0.2 ML coverage was carried out at room temperature with the use of solid phase epitaxy. The characteristic phase formations occurred after gradual annealing the sample depending on the amount of deposited material. At very low coverages scanning tunneling microscopy observation showed two types of ring clusters ( 1x1-RC and clusters of the sqrt (19) x sqrt(19) reconstruction ) accompanied by the Si(111)- (7x7) surface reconstruction. All above-mentioned phases appeared in that order as the annealing temperature increased. Depositi on of about 0.2 ML of Ni folllowed by annealing at 600 C formed extended regions of 1x1 nickel silicide reconstruction. Very clear, extended regions of sqrt(19) x sqrt(19) reconstruction appeared when annealed to 800 C. The electronic properties of observed structures have been studied by the scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Spectroscopy curves measured above certain surface formations revealed the presence of the Si rest atom, NiSi, and NiSi2 local density of electronic states.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Susa2003,

title = {Atomic image of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x cleaved surface},

author = {Bronisław Susła and Michael Giersig and Ryszard Czajka and Maciej Kamiński},

doi = {10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00674-9},

issn = {09214534},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications},

volume = {387},

number = {1-2},

pages = {221--224},

abstract = {The results of the scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy measurements on the bismuth cuprate superconductors Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x in the ab-plane are reported. STM high-resolution images of cleaved single crystal reveal an atomic lattice and a superimposed incommensurate superstructure. We have also clearly seen this superstructure in high-resolution electron micrographs. Scanning tunneling microscopy of the deposited clusters yield information on the cluster shape. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy at low temperature allows identifying quantum size effect in individual Ni clusters. textcopyright 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kaminski2003,

title = {Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of periodic nickel nanoparticles},

author = {Maciej Kamiński and Bronisław Susła and Michael Giersig and M. Kandulski},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.104.351},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {104},

number = {3-4},

pages = {351--356},

abstract = {Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy as well as atomic force microscopy were applied to study the non-structural and nano electronic properties of periodic nickel nanoparticles deposited on n-silicon substrates . Periodic nickel (Ni) nanoparticles were prepared by using nanosphere lithography and analyzed by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. By the evaporation of Ni perfectly ordered nanoparticles were produced and very good correlation between latex mask was observed. Finally , tunneling spectroscopy performed with non-magnetic tip yield information about local electronic properties of nanoscale structures at surface.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wawro2003,

title = {STM / STS Studies of Self-Organized Growth of Iron Silicide Nanocrystals on Vicinal Si(111) Surface},

author = {Andrzej Wawro and Shozo Suto and Ryszard Czajka and Atsuo Kasuya},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.104.303},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {104},

number = {3-4},

pages = {303--319},

abstract = {The evolution of iron silicide structure grown by solid state epitaxy on Si(111) vicinal surface was investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy . The reactions, which occur on the surface, are compared for two various Fe coverages: 0.33 and 2 monolayers. The annealing at 250C does not enable substantial recovery of the surface ordering, deteriorated by Fe deposition at room temperature. The onset of 2 x 2 surface reconstruction is observed upon annealing at 400 C. A three-dimensional growth tendency of iron silicide crystallites on a bare Si(111) 7 x 7 surface was found at 700 C. In the case of 2 monolayer coverage crystallites nucleate along the edges of substrate terraces forming a regular array of nanometer size dots. Basing on atomically resolved spectroscopic efects and statistical considerations, structure of iron silicide nano crystallites as well as Schottky-like character of the barrier at the interface between metallic crystallite and semiconducting substrate is deduced.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Smardz2003,

title = {Correlation between structural and magnetic properties in wedged Ti/Co multilayers},

author = {Lesław Smardz and Katarzyna Smardz and Ryszard Czajka},

doi = {10.1002/pssa.200306379},

issn = {00318965},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Physica Status Solidi (A) Applied Research},

volume = {196},

number = {1 SPEC.},

pages = {173--176},

abstract = {The Ti/Co multilayers (MLs) with wedge shaped Ti and constant-thickness Co (dCo = 2 nm) sublayers were prepared using an UHV DC/RF magnetron sputtering. Results showed that the average grain size of the Co sublayer strongly depends on the Ti thickness. The Ti/Co MLs with dTi < 0.1 nm grow in the polycrystalline phase. For dTi ≈ 0.2 nm the in-plane Co grains size rapidly decreases. We have estimated an average grain size of the Co sublayer as small as D ≈ 4 nm. For thicker Ti sublayer D first increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum D ≈ 14 nm for dTi ≈ 0.28 nm. Coercivity measurements showed that for dTi ≈ 0.2 nm and dTi > 0.37 nm the Co sublayers grow in the soft magnetic nanocrystalline phase with the average grain size well below the magnetic exchange length (Lex ≈ 10 nm).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Winiarz2003,

title = {STM and STS Investigations of Bi2Te3 Surface},

author = {Szymon Winiarz and Ryszard Czajka and Shozo Suto and P Lośtak},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.104.389},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {4},

pages = {389--396},

abstract = {We carried out scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy studies of Bi2Te3 surface, which, to the best of our knowledge, had not been attempted so far. We got images of surface of the material in many scales from micrometers to nanometers, which showed a layered structure of Bi2Te3, with many monoatomic terraces. We found agreement between measured heights and corresponding bulk crystal structure derived from X -ray data. In nanoscale we obtained an atomic resolution. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy we carried out examination of the electronic structure. We observed different I - V characteristics and contrast on current imaging tunneling spectroscopy maps on nonequivalent terraces. The dI /d V ( $sim$density of states ) curves referred to those terraces were compared with theoretically calculated by Larson et al. density of states derived from Bi p and Te-1 p orbitals. The analysis of our results allowed us to distinguish bismuth from tellurium planes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wawro2003a,

title = {Thermal reaction of iron with a Si(111) vicinal surface: Surface ordering and growth of CsCl-type iron silicide},

author = {Andrzej Wawro and Shozo Suto and Ryszard Czajka and Atsuo Kasuya},

doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.67.195401},

issn = {1550235X},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics},

volume = {67},

number = {19},

pages = {195401(10)},

abstract = {The structural evolution of a vicinal silicon surface, developing upon low coverage deposition of Fe [0.33 and 2 monolayers (ML)], has been carefully studied as a function of annealing temperature by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. The reaction between the deposited material and the substrate, which occurs at room temperature, leads to surface amorphization. Successive annealing induces substantial changes of the surface structure. The onset of 2×2 reconstruction expansion of the Si surface, covered with 0.33 ML Fe, is observed after annealing at 400 °C. Complete reconstruction of the whole surface is found at the same temperature for a coverage of 2 ML. Upon annealing at 700 °C three-dimensional iron silicide islands grow epitaxially on the Si substrate. Their size, shape, and location depend on the amount of the deposited material. For 0.33 ML coverage elongated crystallites are distributed randomly on the vicinal substrate surface. Larger crystallites, grown upon deposition of 2 ML of Fe, take the shape of truncated pyramids and show a tendency to nucleate along vicinal surface terrace edges, forming a self-organized array of nanometer size dots. For both Fe coverages studied they are found to grow in a CsCl-type structure, containing an increasing amount of vacancies with increasing crystallite size. The electronic properties of iron silicide surface are probed with a spatial atomic resolution by means of tunneling spectroscopy. The interface between iron silicide crystallite and silicon substrate displays features characteristic of Schottky barriers. textcopyright 2003 The American Physical Society.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nowicki2003,

title = {Nanoscale mechanical properties of polymers irradiated by UV},

author = {Marek Nowicki and Asta Richter and Bodo Wolf and Halina Kaczmarek},

doi = {10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00729-8},

issn = {00323861},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Polymer},

volume = {44},

number = {21},

pages = {6599--6606},

abstract = {The application of depth sensing nanoindentation to determine mechanical properties of three different polymers is described in this work using three different techniques to calibrate the measurement system. The nano-hardness and the elastic indentation modulus of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene oxide and polyacrylic acid were inferred from nanomechanical tests, and the influence of ultraviolet irradiation on the mechanical properties of measured polymers is studied. A multicycling test-a sequence of several loading and unloading procedures-allowed the measurement of changes in the sample viscoelasticity. The nano-hardness of the polymers is shown to increase with radiation dose while the viscoelasticity decreases. textcopyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nenuert2003,

title = {Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy and Luminescent Properties of ZnS:Mn,Cu,Cl Thin Films},

author = {Grażyna Nenuert and Maciej Kamiński and Bronisław Susła and T. Dunaj and Eugeniusz Chimczak and Mirosława Bertrandt-Żytkowiak},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.104.357},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {104},

number = {3-4},

pages = {357--363},

abstract = {Electrical and luminescent properties of ZnS:Mn,Cu,Cl thin films were investigated. Combined both studies: scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy were made. The current and differential conductance versus applied voltage were measured for the ZnS:Mn, Cu,Cl thin films. Additionally, the spectral and kinetic properties of the electroluminescent cells based on the ZnS: Mn, Cu,Cl thin films were measured. The maximum of the electroluminescence lies at 586 nm. The electroluminescence was excited by rectangular wave voltage pulses with pulse length from 1 us to 1 ms. It was shown that time dependence of the electroluminescence is well explained assuming energy transfer between monomolecular centres.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nowicki2003a,

title = {Nanoindentation as a tool for recognition of composites components},

author = {Marek Nowicki and Bronisław Susła},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.104.365},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

urldate = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {104},

number = {3-4},

pages = {44--45},

abstract = {A brief description of the basis principles of determination Young's indentation modulus and hardness by using of nanoindentation technique are given. The detailed indentation technique and characteristic features of polymer at room temperature are also discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Susa2002,

title = {Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy of ferromagnetic Ni clusters on graphite and BSCCO high-Tc superconductor},

author = {Bronisław Susła and Ryszard Czajka and Stanislaw Szuba and Maciej Kamiński and Tsutomu Hihara and Atsuo Kasuya and Kazuki Sumiyama},

doi = {10.1016/S0927-7757(01)01075-5},

issn = {09277757},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

urldate = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},

volume = {202},

number = {2-3},

pages = {187--193},

abstract = {A brief description of the basic principles of the theory of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy is given. This paper presents results of our experimental investigations of Ni clusters deposited on ab-surface of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y (BSCCO) single crystals or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates. The microclusters were produced by the plasma gas condensation or evaporator with integral flux monitor. The scanning tunneling spectroscopy was performed at 24 K and at room temperature. The spectra measured above the Ni clusters and directly above the substrate reveal remarkable differences. Point contact tunneling (PCT) measurements on the overdoped regime Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y single crystals show sharp zero bias conductance peak (ZBCP) at zero bias voltage. The ZBCP observation gives strong evidence that the order parameter is of d-wave symmetry for overdoped BSCCO single crystals. textcopyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hilczer2001,

title = {Dielectric behaviour and conformational disorder in polymer relaxors},

author = {Bozena Hilczer and Hilary Smogór and Tomasz Pawłowski and Stanisław Warchoł and Marek Nowicki},

doi = {10.1080/00150190108216277},

issn = {00150193},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

urldate = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Ferroelectrics},

volume = {261},

number = {1},

pages = {139--148},

abstract = {Radiation-induced conformational disorder in ferroelectric P(VDF/TrFE)(75/25) irradiated in the paraelectric phase with fast electrons was studied using IR and NIR Raman spectroscopy and related to changes in dielectric relaxation. The observed radiation-induced changes in the intensity of bands characteristic of all-trans and trans-gauche conformations confirm the scission of long-range all-trans chain conformation. Electron irradiation modifies also the surface topography of the copolymer film: AFM studies of irradiated samples show a considerable increase in the surface roughness. textcopyright 2001 Taylor & Francis.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Jurga2000,

title = {Effect of heat treatment on phase behaviour and molecular dynamics of mineral-filled PPS},

author = {Jan Jurga and Marek Nowicki and Karol Bula and Bronisław Susła and Sadek Saleh Rejeibi},

doi = {10.1080/10587250008023600},

issn = {1058725X},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

urldate = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology, Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals},

volume = {354},

pages = {43--48},

abstract = {Investigation concerning the structure and molecular dynamics of a nanocomposite made up of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) has been conducted by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). AFM and NMR studies of samples PPS in the neat and composite forms show that during annealing the fragmentation of big agglomerates of PPS take place. Between agglomerates and smaller aggregates there exist repulsion forces which are probably the source of fragmentation in the polymer network. The work has also proved that inside agglomerates and smaller aggregates of PPS dipolar magnetic interaction exist, whereas the electrostatic one occurs between them.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nowicki2000,

title = {Atomic force microscopy investigation of nanometer-scale modifications of polymer morphology caused by ultraviolet irradiation},

author = {Marek Nowicki and Halina Kaczmarek and Ryszard Czajka and Bronisław Susła},

doi = {10.1116/1.1287441},

issn = {07342101},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

urldate = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films},

volume = {18},

number = {5},

pages = {2477},

abstract = {The surface morphology changes of polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend (PS/PMMA) caused by UV irradiation were analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results revealed that the UV-induced changes were more noticeable on PS and PS/PMMA blend than on PEO samples. AFM was used for the characterization of surface nanostructures on irradiated polymers, as well as for their surface modifications in the nanometer scale.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nowicki2000a,

title = {Atomic force microscopy investigation of polystyrene and polystyrene/PMMA composites surfaces},

author = {Marek Nowicki and Halina Kaczmarek and Ryszard Czajka and Bronisław Susła},

doi = {10.1080/10587250008023611},

issn = {1058725X},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

urldate = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology, Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals},

volume = {354},

pages = {167--172},

abstract = {The surface morphology of polystyrene (PS) before and after u.v.-irradiation was studied by means of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The u.v.-irradiation of PS sample doped with poly(methyl methacrylate) caused distinct changes in surface morphology. The nanometer-scale structures of the rod-like shape bumps of diameter of 300 nm and the height of 75 nm were created. We also showed that the very small forces of 0.2 nN are enough high to modify the surface of PS samples.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nowicki1999,

title = {The texture of stretched and unstretched polymer films with and without embedded biological materials},

author = {Marek Nowicki and Bronisław Susła and K. Klaczyńska and Alfons Planner and Danuta Frcackowiak},

doi = {10.1080/00387019909350012},

issn = {00387010},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

urldate = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Spectroscopy Letters},

volume = {32},

number = {4},

pages = {629--637},

abstract = {The stretched polymers with embedded biological samples are widely used as anisotropic matrix uniaxially orienting samples. The texture of a polymer film surface influences the properties of polarized emission and photothermal spectra. This textural properties for the unstretched and stretched polymer films with and without the embedded biological objects of various dimensions (pigment molecules, photosynthetic bacterial cells, and cell fragments) were established using AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). Copyright textcopyright 1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Planner1999,

title = {Paths of Bacteriochlorophyll c Deexcitation in Green Photosynthetic Bacteria and in a Model System},

author = {Alfons Planner and Bronisław Susła and Marek Nowicki and K. Klaczyńska and Danuta Frcackowiak},

doi = {10.1023/A:1020580917472},

issn = {10530509},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

urldate = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Fluorescence},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

pages = {139--143},

abstract = {Absorption, photoacoustic, and fluorescence spectra of green bacteria cells, their fragments, and artificial oligomers of bacteriochlorophyll c, with all samples embedded in polivinyl alcohol films, were measured. The topography of polymer films without pigment and containing pigment oligomers or of monomers and small aggregates was established using atomic force microscopy. The images of these three types of films were different. The dimensions of oligomers were evaluated. On the basis of thermal deactivation of various pigment forms as well as on the grounds of previously measured lifetimes of their fluorescence, conclusions concerning excitation energy transfer between various pigment forms in organisms and in a model system were drawn.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Susa1999,

title = {Surface analysis of PrBa2Cu3O7-x single crystals using scanning tunneling spectroscopy and microscopy},

author = {Bronisław Susła and Wojciech Sadowski and Ryszard Czajka and Maciej Kamiński and Marek Nowicki},

doi = {10.1016/S0042-207X(98)00467-9},

issn = {0042207X},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

urldate = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Vacuum},

volume = {54},

number = {1-4},

pages = {215--219},

abstract = {The surface morphology of PrBa2Cu3O7-x (PBCO) single crystals was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We were able to estimate the width of the semiconducting gap and the variations of the local density of states (LDOS) near the Fermi level (EF) of single crystals at room temperature on the basis of spectroscopic measurements of the local I-V characteristics. The characteristic feature of reduced PBCO single crystals in the normal state are also discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Susa1999a,

title = {Tunneling measurements in cuprate superconductors},

author = {Bronisław Susła and Maciej Kamiński and Wojciech Sadowski},

doi = {10.1117/12.343014},

issn = {0277786X},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

urldate = {1999-01-01},

journal = {International Conference on Solid State Crystals '98: Single Crystal Growth, Characterization, and Applications},

volume = {3724},

pages = {314},

abstract = {We report the experimental results of ballistic electron transport in point contact junctions between normal metal and high temperature superconductors. The conductance -voltage characteristics on Ba2Sr2CaCu2O8 and YBa2Cu3O7 are proved to show the superconducting gap structure. The features of the spectra observed at IeV I 2A which showed zero - bias conductance peak are also discussed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Nowicki1998,

title = {Nanostructuring and hardness investigations of thin films by scanning force microscopy},

author = {Marek Nowicki and Asta Richter and R Ries and Maciej Oszwałdowski},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.93.437},

issn = {05874246},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

urldate = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {93},

number = {2},

pages = {437--441},

abstract = {The scanning force microscope was used to scratch thin films and to write nanoscale pattern on surfaces as well as to perform nanoindentation for hardness measurements. Different thin film materials such as C60 films, diamond-like carbon, metals and semiconducting films have been investigated.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dembczynski1997,

title = {Observation of Pr+ ions in Paul trap},

author = {Jerzy Dembczyński and Danuta Stefańska and Gustaw Szawioła and Bogusław Furmann and Ewa Stachowska and Andrzej Jarosz and Bronisław Arcimowicz and Adam Buczek and Wojciech Koczorowski and Andrzej Krzykowski and Artur Kajoch and Magdalena Elantkowska and Jarosław Ruczkowski and Władysław Kowalkiewicz},

doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.92.517},

issn = {05874246},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

urldate = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},

volume = {92},

number = {3},

pages = {517--526},

abstract = {The first observation of Pr+ ions stored in a Paul trap is reported. Initially the ions were observed by the electronic detection method, and further the laser induced fluorescence, following resonance absorption at a certain optical transition in Pr+ ion, which is excited from the ground state, was recorded. Moreover, fluorescence signal following the excitation from a low-lying metastable state could be detected. The Paul trap system and some other parts of the experimental setup were constructed within the frame of this work and thus are briefly described in the present contribution.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Czajka1987,

title = {The decay of m-Cresol in water by ozonization studied by means of electron tunneling},

author = {Ryszard Czajka and Stanislaw Szuba and Jerzy Rauluszkiewicz},

doi = {10.1366/0003702874447473},

issn = {00037028},

year  = {1987},

date = {1987-01-01},

urldate = {1987-01-01},

journal = {Applied Spectroscopy},

volume = {41},

number = {7},

pages = {1254--1256},

abstract = {In this paper we report a study of the decomposition of m-cresol in a 1% aqueous solution during ozonization. The results can be explained by the process that involves the gradual decomposition of m-cresol. In this process the benzene rings are damaged. The decomposition products clearly contain carboxylic acid or acids. Such a result would be expected in the decomposition of aqueous phenol and phenol-like solutions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}