2021
51.
Ilieva-Makulec, Krassimira; Augustyniuk-Kram, Anna; Olejniczak, Izabella; Karaban, Kamil; Boniecki, Paweł; Nowicki, Marek; Runka, Tomasz; Kulczycki, Andrzej; Kałużny, Jarosław
Medium-term response of the natural grassland soil biota to multiwalled carbon nanotube contamination Journal Article
In: Science of the Total Environment, vol. 779, pp. 146392(11), 2021, ISSN: 18791026.
@article{Ilieva-Makulec2021,
title = {Medium-term response of the natural grassland soil biota to multiwalled carbon nanotube contamination},
author = {Krassimira Ilieva-Makulec and Anna Augustyniuk-Kram and Izabella Olejniczak and Kamil Karaban and Paweł Boniecki and Marek Nowicki and Tomasz Runka and Andrzej Kulczycki and Jarosław Kałużny},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146392},
issn = {18791026},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {779},
pages = {146392(11)},
abstract = {Although the soil environment can potentially be exposed to contamination by carbon nanotubes (CNT), its impact on soil biology is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of the multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) contamination on different groups of soil organisms (microbial, micro- and mesofaunal communities) as well as the soil enzyme activity. The experimental mesocosms included the intact soil cores that were collected from a natural grassland. The MWCNTs that were pristine (pCNTs) and functionalised (fCNTs) at a concentration of 500 $mu$g g^(−1) of soil were applied in the form of water suspensions to the surface of the mesocosms, while ensuring the soil was not mixed after the treatment. Soil samples were taken at 3, 6, and 15 weeks after CNT application. The CNT soil contamination highlighted differences in the community dynamics within the studied groups when compared to the control (non-contaminated soil). Among the faunal groups, nematodes were found to be more sensitive to the CNT impact than mites. The most pronounced response of the nematodes was observed in the subsoil at week 6, when their numbers were 3- (pCNTs) and 4-fold (fCNTs) higher than the control mesocosms. Both types of CNTs influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial- and hyphal-feeding nematodes, where pCNTs significantly and negatively affected the predatory nematodes. Moreover, CNTs temporarily, but significantly, decreased the diversity of the nematode communities. In addition, the values of the nematode Structure Index confirmed a strong transitional disturbance effect of CNTs in the soil food web, while the Channel Index in the pCNTs indicated an increasing share of fungi in the decomposition pathway. Hence, we can infer that although the impact of CNTs seems to be temporary, the shifts in the soil community abundance and structure that it induced may have long-term consequences for soil functioning, including nutrient cycling.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although the soil environment can potentially be exposed to contamination by carbon nanotubes (CNT), its impact on soil biology is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of the multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) contamination on different groups of soil organisms (microbial, micro- and mesofaunal communities) as well as the soil enzyme activity. The experimental mesocosms included the intact soil cores that were collected from a natural grassland. The MWCNTs that were pristine (pCNTs) and functionalised (fCNTs) at a concentration of 500 $mu$g g^(−1) of soil were applied in the form of water suspensions to the surface of the mesocosms, while ensuring the soil was not mixed after the treatment. Soil samples were taken at 3, 6, and 15 weeks after CNT application. The CNT soil contamination highlighted differences in the community dynamics within the studied groups when compared to the control (non-contaminated soil). Among the faunal groups, nematodes were found to be more sensitive to the CNT impact than mites. The most pronounced response of the nematodes was observed in the subsoil at week 6, when their numbers were 3- (pCNTs) and 4-fold (fCNTs) higher than the control mesocosms. Both types of CNTs influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial- and hyphal-feeding nematodes, where pCNTs significantly and negatively affected the predatory nematodes. Moreover, CNTs temporarily, but significantly, decreased the diversity of the nematode communities. In addition, the values of the nematode Structure Index confirmed a strong transitional disturbance effect of CNTs in the soil food web, while the Channel Index in the pCNTs indicated an increasing share of fungi in the decomposition pathway. Hence, we can infer that although the impact of CNTs seems to be temporary, the shifts in the soil community abundance and structure that it induced may have long-term consequences for soil functioning, including nutrient cycling.
52.
Wierzbicka, Natalia; Sterzyński, Tomasz; Nowicki, Marek
The friction of structurally modified isotactic polypropylene Journal Article
In: Materials, vol. 14, no. 23, pp. 7462(18), 2021, ISSN: 19961944.
@article{Wierzbicka2021,
title = {The friction of structurally modified isotactic polypropylene},
author = {Natalia Wierzbicka and Tomasz Sterzyński and Marek Nowicki},
doi = {10.3390/ma14237462},
issn = {19961944},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Materials},
volume = {14},
number = {23},
pages = {7462(18)},
abstract = {The purpose of studies was to analyse an impact of heterogeneous nucleation of modified isotactic polypropylene (iPP) on its tribological properties. The iPP injection molded samples, produced by mold temperature of 20 and 70◦ C, were modified with compositions of two nucleating agents (NA's), DMDBS creating $alpha$-form and mixture of pimelic acid with calcium stearate (PACS) forming $beta$–phase of iPP, with a total content 0.2 wt.% of NA's. A polymorphic character of iPP, with both, monoclinic ($alpha$) and pseudo-hexagonal ($beta$) crystalline structures, depending on the NA's ratio, was verified. The morphology observation, DSC, hardness and tribological measurements as test in reciprocating motion with “pin on flat” method, were realized, followed by microscopic observation (confocal and SEM) of the friction patch track. It was found that Shore hardness rises along with DMBDS content, independent on mold temperature. The friction coefficient (COF) depends on NA's content and forming temperature—for upper mold temperature (70◦ C), its value is higher and more divergently related to NA's composition, what is not the case by 20◦ C mold temperature. The height of friction scratches and the width of patch tracks due to its plastic deformation, as detected by confocal microscopy, are related to heterogeneous nucleation modified structure of iPP.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The purpose of studies was to analyse an impact of heterogeneous nucleation of modified isotactic polypropylene (iPP) on its tribological properties. The iPP injection molded samples, produced by mold temperature of 20 and 70◦ C, were modified with compositions of two nucleating agents (NA's), DMDBS creating $alpha$-form and mixture of pimelic acid with calcium stearate (PACS) forming $beta$–phase of iPP, with a total content 0.2 wt.% of NA's. A polymorphic character of iPP, with both, monoclinic ($alpha$) and pseudo-hexagonal ($beta$) crystalline structures, depending on the NA's ratio, was verified. The morphology observation, DSC, hardness and tribological measurements as test in reciprocating motion with “pin on flat” method, were realized, followed by microscopic observation (confocal and SEM) of the friction patch track. It was found that Shore hardness rises along with DMBDS content, independent on mold temperature. The friction coefficient (COF) depends on NA's content and forming temperature—for upper mold temperature (70◦ C), its value is higher and more divergently related to NA's composition, what is not the case by 20◦ C mold temperature. The height of friction scratches and the width of patch tracks due to its plastic deformation, as detected by confocal microscopy, are related to heterogeneous nucleation modified structure of iPP.
53.
Filipowiak, Kinga; Wieszczycka, Karolina; Buchwald, Tomasz; Nowicki, Marek; Wójcik, Grzegorz; Aksamitowski, Przemysław; Staszak, Katarzyna
Reduction-adsorption of chromium(VI) by using IL-imprinted resin -innovative solution for water purification Journal Article
In: Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 343, pp. 116977(15), 2021, ISSN: 01677322.
@article{Filipowiak2021,
title = {Reduction-adsorption of chromium(VI) by using IL-imprinted resin -innovative solution for water purification},
author = {Kinga Filipowiak and Karolina Wieszczycka and Tomasz Buchwald and Marek Nowicki and Grzegorz Wójcik and Przemysław Aksamitowski and Katarzyna Staszak},
doi = {10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116977},
issn = {01677322},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Molecular Liquids},
volume = {343},
pages = {116977(15)},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Novel sorbents (poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) functionalized with Ionic Liquids precursors- hydrophobic and hydrophilic 3- and 4-pyridineketone and oxime were prepared for application to chromium removal. The fabricated materials were extensively characterized (surface morphology, FT-IR, NMR, Raman, microscopy, XPS, and wettability). The efficiency of functionalization of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene was demonstrated not only in the process of adsorption of chromium(VI), but also in its reduction to a less toxic form of trivalent ions. I was shown that the efficiencies of both processes depended on the time, pH of the aqueous phase and the initial concentration of Cr(VI). At pH of 0 the cumulative chromium removal was preferable (removal almost 1200 mg of Cr) with the reduction as the dominant process. At pH of 3.5 and higher only adsorption was observed with the maximum capacity of 144.4 mg/g. The conducted analytical techniques, such as Raman and XPS, enabled to determine the mechanism of the sorption and the surface Cr(VI) reduction that oxidize water to O2. The studies indicated that this research direction was forward-looking and fits in with the trends of a sustainable development- simultaneous reduction and adsorption of chromium from wastewater.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Novel sorbents (poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) functionalized with Ionic Liquids precursors- hydrophobic and hydrophilic 3- and 4-pyridineketone and oxime were prepared for application to chromium removal. The fabricated materials were extensively characterized (surface morphology, FT-IR, NMR, Raman, microscopy, XPS, and wettability). The efficiency of functionalization of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene was demonstrated not only in the process of adsorption of chromium(VI), but also in its reduction to a less toxic form of trivalent ions. I was shown that the efficiencies of both processes depended on the time, pH of the aqueous phase and the initial concentration of Cr(VI). At pH of 0 the cumulative chromium removal was preferable (removal almost 1200 mg of Cr) with the reduction as the dominant process. At pH of 3.5 and higher only adsorption was observed with the maximum capacity of 144.4 mg/g. The conducted analytical techniques, such as Raman and XPS, enabled to determine the mechanism of the sorption and the surface Cr(VI) reduction that oxidize water to O2. The studies indicated that this research direction was forward-looking and fits in with the trends of a sustainable development- simultaneous reduction and adsorption of chromium from wastewater.
54.
Priebe, Agnieszka; Huszar, Emese; Nowicki, Marek; Pethö, Laszlo; Michler, Johann
Mechanisms of Fluorine-Induced Separation of Mass Interference during TOF-SIMS Analysis Journal Article
In: Analytical Chemistry, vol. 93, no. 29, pp. 10261–10271, 2021, ISSN: 15206882.
@article{Priebe2021,
title = {Mechanisms of Fluorine-Induced Separation of Mass Interference during TOF-SIMS Analysis},
author = {Agnieszka Priebe and Emese Huszar and Marek Nowicki and Laszlo Pethö and Johann Michler},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01661},
issn = {15206882},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
volume = {93},
number = {29},
pages = {10261--10271},
abstract = {Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of very few analytical techniques allowing sample chemical structure to be characterized in three-dimensional (3D) with nanometer resolution. Due to the excellent sensitivity in the order of ppm-ppb and capability of detecting all ionized elements and molecules, TOF-SIMS finds many applications for analyzing nanoparticle-containing systems and thin films used in microdevices for new energy applications, microelectronics, and biomedicine. However, one of the main drawbacks of this technique is potential mass interference between ions having the same or similar masses, which can lead to data misinterpretation. In this work, we present that this problem can be easily solved by delivering fluorine gas to a sample surface during TOF-SIMS analysis and we propose mechanisms driving this phenomenon. Our comprehensive studies, conducted on complex thin films made of highly mass-interfering elements, show that fluorine modifies the ionization process, leading to element-specific changes of ion yields (which can vary by several orders of magnitude), and affects the efficiency of metal hydride and oxide formation. In conjunction, these two effects can efficiently induce separation of mass interference, providing more representative TOF-SIMS data with respect to the sample composition and significant enhancement of chemical image resolution. Consequently, this can improve the chemical characterization of complex multilayers in nanoscale.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is one of very few analytical techniques allowing sample chemical structure to be characterized in three-dimensional (3D) with nanometer resolution. Due to the excellent sensitivity in the order of ppm-ppb and capability of detecting all ionized elements and molecules, TOF-SIMS finds many applications for analyzing nanoparticle-containing systems and thin films used in microdevices for new energy applications, microelectronics, and biomedicine. However, one of the main drawbacks of this technique is potential mass interference between ions having the same or similar masses, which can lead to data misinterpretation. In this work, we present that this problem can be easily solved by delivering fluorine gas to a sample surface during TOF-SIMS analysis and we propose mechanisms driving this phenomenon. Our comprehensive studies, conducted on complex thin films made of highly mass-interfering elements, show that fluorine modifies the ionization process, leading to element-specific changes of ion yields (which can vary by several orders of magnitude), and affects the efficiency of metal hydride and oxide formation. In conjunction, these two effects can efficiently induce separation of mass interference, providing more representative TOF-SIMS data with respect to the sample composition and significant enhancement of chemical image resolution. Consequently, this can improve the chemical characterization of complex multilayers in nanoscale.
55.
Płócienniczak, Patrycja; Rcebiś, Tomasz; Nowicki, Marek; Milczarek, Grzegorz
In: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 880, pp. 114896(10), 2021, ISSN: 15726657.
@article{Pocienniczak2021,
title = {A green approach for hybrid material preparation based on carbon nanotubes/lignosulfonate decorated with silver nanostructures for electrocatalytic sensing of H2O2},
author = {Patrycja Płócienniczak and Tomasz Rcebiś and Marek Nowicki and Grzegorz Milczarek},
doi = {10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114896},
issn = {15726657},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry},
volume = {880},
pages = {114896(10)},
abstract = {We present a green and simple approach for the fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles (MWCNT/LS/NAg) via lignosulfonate assisted synthesis. Due to reducing and stabilizing properties of lignosulfonate, silver nanoparticles were produced in a facile synthetic route without the addition of any reductant or toxic solvents. The existence of silver nanoparticles was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the morphologies and structures of prepared functional nanomaterials. Cyclic voltammograms of the MWCNT/LS/NAg nanomaterial presented, revealed well-defined and sharp redox peaks recorded in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) corresponding to silver nanoparticles electroactivity. The obtained data proved that the hybrid material exhibits persistent reversible redox behavior. The hybrid nanomaterial possesses strong electrocatalytic properties toward hydrogen peroxide reduction. Based on the electrocatalytic properties of the material, the amperometric detection of H2O2 at −0.2 V demonstrated a wide linear range of 6.00–486 $mu$M. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 1.169 $mu$M and 3.543 $mu$M, respectively. Substantial electrochemical performance shows the proposed material as a promising electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of hydrogen peroxide.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present a green and simple approach for the fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles (MWCNT/LS/NAg) via lignosulfonate assisted synthesis. Due to reducing and stabilizing properties of lignosulfonate, silver nanoparticles were produced in a facile synthetic route without the addition of any reductant or toxic solvents. The existence of silver nanoparticles was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate the morphologies and structures of prepared functional nanomaterials. Cyclic voltammograms of the MWCNT/LS/NAg nanomaterial presented, revealed well-defined and sharp redox peaks recorded in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) corresponding to silver nanoparticles electroactivity. The obtained data proved that the hybrid material exhibits persistent reversible redox behavior. The hybrid nanomaterial possesses strong electrocatalytic properties toward hydrogen peroxide reduction. Based on the electrocatalytic properties of the material, the amperometric detection of H2O2 at −0.2 V demonstrated a wide linear range of 6.00–486 $mu$M. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 1.169 $mu$M and 3.543 $mu$M, respectively. Substantial electrochemical performance shows the proposed material as a promising electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of hydrogen peroxide.
56.
Dychalska, Anna; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Trzcinski, Marek; Mosińska, Lidia; Szybowicz, Mirosław
The effect of surface treatment on structural properties of cvd diamond layers with different grain sizes studied by raman spectroscopy Journal Article
In: Materials, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1301(21), 2021, ISSN: 19961944.
@article{Dychalska2021,
title = {The effect of surface treatment on structural properties of cvd diamond layers with different grain sizes studied by raman spectroscopy},
author = {Anna Dychalska and Wojciech Koczorowski and Marek Trzcinski and Lidia Mosińska and Mirosław Szybowicz},
doi = {10.3390/ma14051301},
issn = {19961944},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Materials},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {1301(21)},
abstract = {Extensive Raman spectroscopy studies combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed to investigate structural and chemical changes in diamond layers deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) upon post‐growth treatment with hydrogen. The aim of this study is to characterize the changes in micro‐structural properties of diamond layers with different grain sizes and different contents of sp2 carbon phase. Hydrogenation or oxidization of diamond layer surface is often performed to modify its properties; however, it can also strongly affect the surface structure. In this study, the impact of hydrogenation on the structure of diamond layer surface and its chemical composition is investigated. Owing to their polycrystalline nature, the structural properties of CVD diamond layers can strongly differ within the same layer. Therefore, in this project, in order to compare the results before and after hydrogen treatment, the diamond layers are subjected to Raman spectroscopy studies in the vicinity of a T‐shape marker fabricated on the surface of each diamond layer studied.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Extensive Raman spectroscopy studies combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed to investigate structural and chemical changes in diamond layers deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) upon post‐growth treatment with hydrogen. The aim of this study is to characterize the changes in micro‐structural properties of diamond layers with different grain sizes and different contents of sp2 carbon phase. Hydrogenation or oxidization of diamond layer surface is often performed to modify its properties; however, it can also strongly affect the surface structure. In this study, the impact of hydrogenation on the structure of diamond layer surface and its chemical composition is investigated. Owing to their polycrystalline nature, the structural properties of CVD diamond layers can strongly differ within the same layer. Therefore, in this project, in order to compare the results before and after hydrogen treatment, the diamond layers are subjected to Raman spectroscopy studies in the vicinity of a T‐shape marker fabricated on the surface of each diamond layer studied.
57.
Filipowiak, Kinga; Dudzińska, Patrycja; Wieszczycka, Karolina; Buchwald, Tomasz; Nowicki, Marek; Lewandowska, Aneta; Marcinkowska, Agnieszka
Novel polymer sorbents with imprinted task-specific ionic liquids for metal removal Journal Article
In: Materials, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 5008(17), 2021, ISSN: 19961944.
@article{Filipowiak2021a,
title = {Novel polymer sorbents with imprinted task-specific ionic liquids for metal removal},
author = {Kinga Filipowiak and Patrycja Dudzińska and Karolina Wieszczycka and Tomasz Buchwald and Marek Nowicki and Aneta Lewandowska and Agnieszka Marcinkowska},
doi = {10.3390/ma14175008},
issn = {19961944},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Materials},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {5008(17)},
abstract = {In this paper, the potential of novel polymer sorbents with the imprinted IL-functional group for the removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated by batch mode. The sorbents were fabricated by direct reaction of the prepared polymer matrix (poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene), VBC, and poly(vinylbenzyl bromide-divinylbenzene), VBBr) with 1-(3-or 4-pyridyl)undecan-1-one and oxime of 1-(3-or 4-pyridyl)undecan-1-one. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman Spectroscopy (Raman), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to show functionality and stability of the sorbents. The materials were also characterized by contact-angle goniometry, X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta potential analysis. The removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was monitored and optimized under the influence of several operational controlling conditions and factors such as pH, shaking time, temperature, initial metal ions concentration, and counter-ions at the functional group. The results obtained confirmed the very high potential of the sorbents; however, the properties depend on the structure of the functional group. The tested sorbents showed fast kinetics, significant capacity at 25◦C (84 mg/g for the Zn(II) sorption with VBC-Ox4.10, 63 mg/g for the Cd(II) sorption with VBBr-Ox3.10, and 69 mg/g for the Cu(II) sorption with VBC-K3.10), and temperature dependence (even 100% increase in capacity values at 45◦C). The selected sorbent can be regenerated without a significant decrease in the metal removal efficiency.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, the potential of novel polymer sorbents with the imprinted IL-functional group for the removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated by batch mode. The sorbents were fabricated by direct reaction of the prepared polymer matrix (poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene), VBC, and poly(vinylbenzyl bromide-divinylbenzene), VBBr) with 1-(3-or 4-pyridyl)undecan-1-one and oxime of 1-(3-or 4-pyridyl)undecan-1-one. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman Spectroscopy (Raman), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to show functionality and stability of the sorbents. The materials were also characterized by contact-angle goniometry, X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Zeta potential analysis. The removal of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was monitored and optimized under the influence of several operational controlling conditions and factors such as pH, shaking time, temperature, initial metal ions concentration, and counter-ions at the functional group. The results obtained confirmed the very high potential of the sorbents; however, the properties depend on the structure of the functional group. The tested sorbents showed fast kinetics, significant capacity at 25◦C (84 mg/g for the Zn(II) sorption with VBC-Ox4.10, 63 mg/g for the Cd(II) sorption with VBBr-Ox3.10, and 69 mg/g for the Cu(II) sorption with VBC-K3.10), and temperature dependence (even 100% increase in capacity values at 45◦C). The selected sorbent can be regenerated without a significant decrease in the metal removal efficiency.
58.
Januszewski, Rafał; Dutkiewicz, Michał; Nowicki, Marek; Szołyga, Mariusz; Kownacki, Ireneusz
Synthesis and Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified with Novel Reactive Liquid Rubber-Based Systems Journal Article
In: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2178–2186, 2021, ISSN: 15205045.
@article{Januszewski2021,
title = {Synthesis and Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified with Novel Reactive Liquid Rubber-Based Systems},
author = {Rafał Januszewski and Michał Dutkiewicz and Marek Nowicki and Mariusz Szołyga and Ireneusz Kownacki},
doi = {10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05781},
issn = {15205045},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {60},
number = {5},
pages = {2178--2186},
abstract = {In this work, the influence of the new epoxy-containing liquid rubber-based modifiers on the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resins was investigated. The epoxy-functional polybutadienes obtained via the conventional epoxidation reaction or catalytic hydrosilylation have been successfully applied for modification of commercially available epoxy resin to modulate its mechanical properties. Different locations of oxirane rings in the polybutadiene chains revealed a significant impact of the rubber-based modifier structure on the thermal and mechanical properties of cured resins.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this work, the influence of the new epoxy-containing liquid rubber-based modifiers on the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resins was investigated. The epoxy-functional polybutadienes obtained via the conventional epoxidation reaction or catalytic hydrosilylation have been successfully applied for modification of commercially available epoxy resin to modulate its mechanical properties. Different locations of oxirane rings in the polybutadiene chains revealed a significant impact of the rubber-based modifier structure on the thermal and mechanical properties of cured resins.
2020
59.
Kałużny, Jarosław; Waligórski, Marek; Szymański, Grzegorz M.; Merkisz, Jerzy; Różański, Jacek; Nowicki, Marek; Karawi, Mohanad Al; Kempa, Krzysztof
Reducing friction and engine vibrations with trace amounts of carbon nanotubes in the lubricating oil Journal Article
In: Tribology International, vol. 151, pp. 106484(12), 2020, ISSN: 0301679X.
@article{Kauzny2020,
title = {Reducing friction and engine vibrations with trace amounts of carbon nanotubes in the lubricating oil},
author = {Jarosław Kałużny and Marek Waligórski and Grzegorz M. Szymański and Jerzy Merkisz and Jacek Różański and Marek Nowicki and Mohanad Al Karawi and Krzysztof Kempa},
doi = {10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106484},
issn = {0301679X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
urldate = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Tribology International},
volume = {151},
pages = {106484(12)},
abstract = {Improved lubrication parameters of lubricating oils due to the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been demonstrated in the past. This benefit, however, is short-lived due to self-induced re-agglomeration of CNTs in large concentrations in the oil. In this work the authors investigate the friction effects at trace amounts of CNT (as low as 0.03%). At such level the re-agglomeration effects are efficiently suppressed. Surprisingly, at such extreme low CNT concentration levels, a relatively large engine friction reduction of 6% was still observed. Moreover, a very strong vibration reduction of up to 30% was measured in the fired engine test. Full understanding of these results will require extensions/revisions of the existing models, which will pave the way to a new class of improved lubricants.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Improved lubrication parameters of lubricating oils due to the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been demonstrated in the past. This benefit, however, is short-lived due to self-induced re-agglomeration of CNTs in large concentrations in the oil. In this work the authors investigate the friction effects at trace amounts of CNT (as low as 0.03%). At such level the re-agglomeration effects are efficiently suppressed. Surprisingly, at such extreme low CNT concentration levels, a relatively large engine friction reduction of 6% was still observed. Moreover, a very strong vibration reduction of up to 30% was measured in the fired engine test. Full understanding of these results will require extensions/revisions of the existing models, which will pave the way to a new class of improved lubricants.
60.
Elsebach, Micha; Sierda, Emil; Goedecke, Julia J.; Bignardi, Luca; Hermanowicz, Michał; Rohde, Michael; Wiesendanger, Roland; Bazarnik, MacIej
In Situ Synthesis of Metal-Salophene Complexes on Intercalated Graphene Journal Article
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 4279–4287, 2020, ISSN: 19327455.
@article{Elsebach2020,
title = {In Situ Synthesis of Metal-Salophene Complexes on Intercalated Graphene},
author = {Micha Elsebach and Emil Sierda and Julia J. Goedecke and Luca Bignardi and Michał Hermanowicz and Michael Rohde and Roland Wiesendanger and MacIej Bazarnik},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08943},
issn = {19327455},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
volume = {124},
number = {7},
pages = {4279--4287},
abstract = {On-surface metalation provides a tool to vary magnetic and electronic properties of metal-organic complexes and produces clean samples of the desired product. We used this technique to metalate 5,5′-dibromosalophene with the 3d transition metals Co, Fe, and Cr on Co-intercalated graphene grown on Ir(111). The metalation process was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electronic structure of the obtained salophene complexes was investigated using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations. XPS data show that deposition of the transition metals at 398 K causes the metal atoms to interact with the molecules, while higher temperatures are needed to complete the reaction. Furthermore, we are able to distinguish the three different metal-organic complexes by their electronic structure.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
On-surface metalation provides a tool to vary magnetic and electronic properties of metal-organic complexes and produces clean samples of the desired product. We used this technique to metalate 5,5′-dibromosalophene with the 3d transition metals Co, Fe, and Cr on Co-intercalated graphene grown on Ir(111). The metalation process was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electronic structure of the obtained salophene complexes was investigated using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy with density functional theory calculations. XPS data show that deposition of the transition metals at 398 K causes the metal atoms to interact with the molecules, while higher temperatures are needed to complete the reaction. Furthermore, we are able to distinguish the three different metal-organic complexes by their electronic structure.
61.
Szołyga, Mariusz; Dutkiewicz, Michał; Nowicki, Marek; Sałasińska, Kamila; Celiński, Maciej; Marciniec, Bogdan
Phosphorus-containing silsesquioxane derivatives as additive or reactive components of epoxy resins Journal Article
In: Materials, vol. 13, no. 23, pp. 1–23, 2020, ISSN: 19961944.
@article{Szoyga2020,
title = {Phosphorus-containing silsesquioxane derivatives as additive or reactive components of epoxy resins},
author = {Mariusz Szołyga and Michał Dutkiewicz and Marek Nowicki and Kamila Sałasińska and Maciej Celiński and Bogdan Marciniec},
doi = {10.3390/ma13235373},
issn = {19961944},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Materials},
volume = {13},
number = {23},
pages = {1--23},
abstract = {Two phosphorus-containing cage-like silsesquioxane derivatives were synthesized as reactive or additive flame retardants for epoxy resin. The silsesquioxanes were obtained via an epoxide ring-opening reaction using a 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPA). In one derivative containing in its structure 4 glycidoxypropyl and 4 phosphate groups, denoted as 4P4GS, only half of the epoxy rings was reacted with phosphate to obtain a reactive additive, while in the second derivative containing 8 phosphate groups, denoted as 8PS, all epoxy groups were converted, thus an additive modifier was obtained. The ilsesquioxanes containing phosphorus atoms and the reactive phosphorus-free silsesquioxane derivative (octakis[(3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (8GS)) were used to prepare hybrid materials based on epoxy resin. To compare the impact of the structure of silsesquioxane derivatives on the properties of hybrid materials, a number of samples containing 1, 5, and 10% of the modifiers making a series of epoxy materials containing additive or reactive modifiers, were obtained. The modified epoxies were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, water contact angle, and cone calorimetry tests to assess the effects of the modifier structure on the physicochemical properties of the investigated materials.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two phosphorus-containing cage-like silsesquioxane derivatives were synthesized as reactive or additive flame retardants for epoxy resin. The silsesquioxanes were obtained via an epoxide ring-opening reaction using a 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPA). In one derivative containing in its structure 4 glycidoxypropyl and 4 phosphate groups, denoted as 4P4GS, only half of the epoxy rings was reacted with phosphate to obtain a reactive additive, while in the second derivative containing 8 phosphate groups, denoted as 8PS, all epoxy groups were converted, thus an additive modifier was obtained. The ilsesquioxanes containing phosphorus atoms and the reactive phosphorus-free silsesquioxane derivative (octakis[(3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (8GS)) were used to prepare hybrid materials based on epoxy resin. To compare the impact of the structure of silsesquioxane derivatives on the properties of hybrid materials, a number of samples containing 1, 5, and 10% of the modifiers making a series of epoxy materials containing additive or reactive modifiers, were obtained. The modified epoxies were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, water contact angle, and cone calorimetry tests to assess the effects of the modifier structure on the physicochemical properties of the investigated materials.
62.
Nowak, Ewelina; Szybowicz, Mirosław; Stachowiak, Alicja; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Schulz, Detlev; Paprocki, Kazimierz; Fabisiak, Kazimierz; Los, Szymon
A comprehensive study of structural and optical properties of ZnO bulk crystals and polycrystalline films grown by sol-gel method Journal Article
In: Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing, vol. 126, no. 7, pp. 522(12), 2020, ISSN: 14320630.
@article{Nowak2020,
title = {A comprehensive study of structural and optical properties of ZnO bulk crystals and polycrystalline films grown by sol-gel method},
author = {Ewelina Nowak and Mirosław Szybowicz and Alicja Stachowiak and Wojciech Koczorowski and Detlev Schulz and Kazimierz Paprocki and Kazimierz Fabisiak and Szymon Los},
doi = {10.1007/s00339-020-03711-2},
issn = {14320630},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing},
volume = {126},
number = {7},
pages = {522(12)},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
abstract = {The presented article concerns the comparison between two different zinc-oxide structures - bulk crystals and polycrystalline thin films. Bulk crystals were grown by a Bridgman method. For thin-film production, a sol-gel spin-coated method was chosen. A part of thin layers samples was annealed in 600 oC to induce recrystallization. The morphological and structural properties of all samples were investigated using various microscopy techniques, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy, as well as XRD, was used to estimate the influence of the recrystallization process on the morphology of the samples. The Raman vibrations in different scattering geometries were determined using polarized Raman spectra. What is more, in the case of the non-annealed sol-gel layer, the localized reorientation of crystallites was observed, using Raman microscopy. The morphology of the samples was compared to their optical properties, which were investigated by exploiting UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Absorption spectroscopy allowed us to estimate the energy bandgap for different types of ZnO layers and to compare the values obtained for the ZnO crystal structure obtained by the Bridgman method. The photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the possible defects correlated with the growth conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The presented article concerns the comparison between two different zinc-oxide structures - bulk crystals and polycrystalline thin films. Bulk crystals were grown by a Bridgman method. For thin-film production, a sol-gel spin-coated method was chosen. A part of thin layers samples was annealed in 600 oC to induce recrystallization. The morphological and structural properties of all samples were investigated using various microscopy techniques, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy, as well as XRD, was used to estimate the influence of the recrystallization process on the morphology of the samples. The Raman vibrations in different scattering geometries were determined using polarized Raman spectra. What is more, in the case of the non-annealed sol-gel layer, the localized reorientation of crystallites was observed, using Raman microscopy. The morphology of the samples was compared to their optical properties, which were investigated by exploiting UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Absorption spectroscopy allowed us to estimate the energy bandgap for different types of ZnO layers and to compare the values obtained for the ZnO crystal structure obtained by the Bridgman method. The photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the possible defects correlated with the growth conditions.
63.
Wieszczycka, Karolina; Filipowiak, Kinga; Buchwald, Tomasz; Nowicki, Marek
Microcapsules containing task-specific ionic liquids for Zn(II) and Cu(II) recovery from dilute aqueous solutions Journal Article
In: Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 250, no. May, pp. 117155(18), 2020, ISSN: 18733794.
@article{Wieszczycka2020,
title = {Microcapsules containing task-specific ionic liquids for Zn(II) and Cu(II) recovery from dilute aqueous solutions},
author = {Karolina Wieszczycka and Kinga Filipowiak and Tomasz Buchwald and Marek Nowicki},
doi = {10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117155},
issn = {18733794},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Separation and Purification Technology},
volume = {250},
number = {May},
pages = {117155(18)},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {In the presented studies, ionic liquids, 1-propyl-3-undecanoylpyridinium bromide and 1-propyl-3-undecanoylpyridinium chloride, were successfully encapsulated. The sorbents were prepared by the suspension copolymerisation of styrene and divinylbenzene with 14–19% participation of the ionic liquids. The resulting microcapsules were characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, Raman, and TGA. The microscopy analysis showed that the morphologies of the prepared microcapsules were spherical with a clearly porous structure, in which the pores in the surface had diameter up to 8.5 $mu$m. The metals removal with the microcapsules was affected by the morphology of microcapsules, structure of the encapsulated ionic liquid, as well as the pH, shaking time, concentration of metals ions, NaCl or HCl, and temperature of the process. The results analysis indicated that binding of Zn(II) and Cu(II) was mainly controlled by chemisorption with strong interaction metal-extractant. The maximum sorption capacity was 151 and 74 mg Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively per gram of the sorbent. Both metals can be separated from the aqueous solutions containing NaCl, and after that desorbed with diluted HCl solutions, without loss in the adsorption capacity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the presented studies, ionic liquids, 1-propyl-3-undecanoylpyridinium bromide and 1-propyl-3-undecanoylpyridinium chloride, were successfully encapsulated. The sorbents were prepared by the suspension copolymerisation of styrene and divinylbenzene with 14–19% participation of the ionic liquids. The resulting microcapsules were characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, Raman, and TGA. The microscopy analysis showed that the morphologies of the prepared microcapsules were spherical with a clearly porous structure, in which the pores in the surface had diameter up to 8.5 $mu$m. The metals removal with the microcapsules was affected by the morphology of microcapsules, structure of the encapsulated ionic liquid, as well as the pH, shaking time, concentration of metals ions, NaCl or HCl, and temperature of the process. The results analysis indicated that binding of Zn(II) and Cu(II) was mainly controlled by chemisorption with strong interaction metal-extractant. The maximum sorption capacity was 151 and 74 mg Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively per gram of the sorbent. Both metals can be separated from the aqueous solutions containing NaCl, and after that desorbed with diluted HCl solutions, without loss in the adsorption capacity.
64.
Mania, Przemysław; Nowicki, Marek
Nanohardness and elasticity of cell walls of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) juvenile and mature wood Journal Article
In: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1237–1241, 2020, ISSN: 23001917.
@article{Mania2020,
title = {Nanohardness and elasticity of cell walls of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) juvenile and mature wood},
author = {Przemysław Mania and Marek Nowicki},
doi = {10.24425/bpasts.2020.134645},
issn = {23001917},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences},
volume = {68},
number = {4},
pages = {1237--1241},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the hardness and reduced modulus of elasticity of juvenile wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using the nanoindentation method, and then to compare the results obtained with those of mature wood. The hardness of juvenile pine wood determined by means of the nanoindentation method was 0.444 GPa while for mature wood it was 0.474 GPa. Statistically significant differences between the values were found. The reduced modulus of elasticity in juvenile wood was 14.0 GPa and 16.4 GPa in mature wood. Thus, the hardness values obtained were about 7% higher, while the modulus of elasticity was 17% higher in mature wood. All determinations were made in the S2-layer of the secondary cell wall.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this study was to determine the hardness and reduced modulus of elasticity of juvenile wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using the nanoindentation method, and then to compare the results obtained with those of mature wood. The hardness of juvenile pine wood determined by means of the nanoindentation method was 0.444 GPa while for mature wood it was 0.474 GPa. Statistically significant differences between the values were found. The reduced modulus of elasticity in juvenile wood was 14.0 GPa and 16.4 GPa in mature wood. Thus, the hardness values obtained were about 7% higher, while the modulus of elasticity was 17% higher in mature wood. All determinations were made in the S2-layer of the secondary cell wall.
65.
Sandomierski, Mariusz; Buchwald, Zuzanna; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Voelkel, Adam
Calcium forms of zeolites A and X as fillers in dental restorative materials with remineralizing potential Journal Article
In: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 294, no. October 2019, pp. 109899(11), 2020, ISSN: 13871811.
@article{Sandomierski2020,
title = {Calcium forms of zeolites A and X as fillers in dental restorative materials with remineralizing potential},
author = {Mariusz Sandomierski and Zuzanna Buchwald and Wojciech Koczorowski and Adam Voelkel},
doi = {10.1016/j.micromeso.2019.109899},
issn = {13871811},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Microporous and Mesoporous Materials},
volume = {294},
number = {October 2019},
pages = {109899(11)},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
abstract = {Zeolites A- and X-type were synthesized and subjected to the ion exchange to obtain their calcium forms which were further impregnated with methacrylic acid as bonding agent to improve the bonding between these zeolite fillers and components of methacrylic matrix in a final composites. The structure of synthesized zeolites, as well as impregnation efficiency, were confirmed by several analytical methods. The ability to release calcium ions, which are remineralizing agents, was confirmed after incubation of zeolite samples in saline. On the basis of these inorganic fillers a series of methacrylic photopolymerizable composites with potential dental applications were prepared and examined. Typical properties of these composites, such as depth of cure, mass stability and mechanical properties were examined. Their ability to release remineralizing calcium ions was also checked. All examined properties were dependent on the composition of the materials, i.e. the type of a filler, its synthesis method and surface impregnation. Obtained results showed that prepared zeolite fillers are beneficial for dental composites with remineralizing potential.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zeolites A- and X-type were synthesized and subjected to the ion exchange to obtain their calcium forms which were further impregnated with methacrylic acid as bonding agent to improve the bonding between these zeolite fillers and components of methacrylic matrix in a final composites. The structure of synthesized zeolites, as well as impregnation efficiency, were confirmed by several analytical methods. The ability to release calcium ions, which are remineralizing agents, was confirmed after incubation of zeolite samples in saline. On the basis of these inorganic fillers a series of methacrylic photopolymerizable composites with potential dental applications were prepared and examined. Typical properties of these composites, such as depth of cure, mass stability and mechanical properties were examined. Their ability to release remineralizing calcium ions was also checked. All examined properties were dependent on the composition of the materials, i.e. the type of a filler, its synthesis method and surface impregnation. Obtained results showed that prepared zeolite fillers are beneficial for dental composites with remineralizing potential.
66.
Januszewski, Rafał; Dutkiewicz, Michał; Nowicki, Marek; Kownacki, Ireneusz
Synthesis and properties of hybrid materials obtained via additive cross-linking of liquid polybutadiene rubber with H-Si containing reagents Journal Article
In: Polymer Testing, vol. 87, pp. 106516(8), 2020, ISSN: 01429418.
@article{Januszewski2020,
title = {Synthesis and properties of hybrid materials obtained via additive cross-linking of liquid polybutadiene rubber with H-Si containing reagents},
author = {Rafał Januszewski and Michał Dutkiewicz and Marek Nowicki and Ireneusz Kownacki},
doi = {10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106516},
issn = {01429418},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Polymer Testing},
volume = {87},
pages = {106516(8)},
abstract = {Herein, we present the results describing the synthesis and thermal, mechanical and surface properties of liquid polybutadiene rubber cross-linked with organosilicon reactants. The differences in the structure of cross-linking agents, as well as a number of reactive H-Si species, have a significant impact on the above-mentioned properties of synthesized via Rh(I) catalyzed additive cross-linking of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Herein, we present the results describing the synthesis and thermal, mechanical and surface properties of liquid polybutadiene rubber cross-linked with organosilicon reactants. The differences in the structure of cross-linking agents, as well as a number of reactive H-Si species, have a significant impact on the above-mentioned properties of synthesized via Rh(I) catalyzed additive cross-linking of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings.
2019
67.
Kałużny, Jarosław; Idaszewska, Natalia; Runka, Tomasz; Piasecki, Adam; Nowicki, Marek; Merkisz, Jerzy
Biological activity of carbon nanoparticles produced in combustion process Journal Article
In: Combustion Engines, vol. 179, no. 4, pp. 269–273, 2019, ISSN: 2300-9896.
@article{Kauzny2019,
title = {Biological activity of carbon nanoparticles produced in combustion process},
author = {Jarosław Kałużny and Natalia Idaszewska and Tomasz Runka and Adam Piasecki and Marek Nowicki and Jerzy Merkisz},
doi = {10.19206/ce-2019-445},
issn = {2300-9896},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Combustion Engines},
volume = {179},
number = {4},
pages = {269--273},
abstract = {In the recent years industrial applications of carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been tested extensively, thus justifying research on the environmental impact these materials have. In the current paper we compare EDS spectroscopy results of a cabin filter used in a car to a filter used in an air purifier inside a residential space. The contaminants adsorbed on the carbon nanoparticles trapped in both types of filters allows for determining of their source of origin demonstrating clearly the dominant role of non-road emissions in Poland. Finally we present the experimental study on the growth of plants on substrates intentionally enriched with CNTs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the recent years industrial applications of carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been tested extensively, thus justifying research on the environmental impact these materials have. In the current paper we compare EDS spectroscopy results of a cabin filter used in a car to a filter used in an air purifier inside a residential space. The contaminants adsorbed on the carbon nanoparticles trapped in both types of filters allows for determining of their source of origin demonstrating clearly the dominant role of non-road emissions in Poland. Finally we present the experimental study on the growth of plants on substrates intentionally enriched with CNTs.
68.
El-Ahmar, Semir; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Poźniak, Artur A.; Kuświk, Piotr; Przychodnia, Marta; Dembowiak, Jacek; Strupiński, Włodzimierz
Planar configuration of extraordinary magnetoresistance for 2D-material-based magnetic field sensors Journal Article
In: Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, vol. 296, pp. 249–253, 2019, ISSN: 09244247.
@article{El-Ahmar2019,
title = {Planar configuration of extraordinary magnetoresistance for 2D-material-based magnetic field sensors},
author = {Semir El-Ahmar and Wojciech Koczorowski and Artur A. Poźniak and Piotr Kuświk and Marta Przychodnia and Jacek Dembowiak and Włodzimierz Strupiński},
doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2019.07.016},
issn = {09244247},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical},
volume = {296},
pages = {249--253},
abstract = {Nanoscale-resolution magnetic field sensing plays a significant role in fundamental research in a wide range of fields, from material science to biology. Magnetoresistors in particular offer simplicity of construction and easy adaptation for fabrication based on two-dimensional materials, together with the ability to detect small and medium magnetic fields. Among the wide range of magnetoresistance effects, extraordinary magnetoresistance is unique because it does not require a magnetic material as part of its structure, which may be advantageous in certain applications. In this paper we demonstrate that a recently proposed planar configuration of extraordinary magnetoresistance is naturally suited to the fabrication of devices based on two-dimensional materials. Several operating magnetoresistors have been made for this purpose, using epitaxial mono- and bilayer graphene as well as Bi2Se3 microflakes. Besides the implementation of the extraordinary magnetoresistance in a planar configuration, we demonstrate experimentally the consequences of geometry optimization for future applications. Using the finite element method to simulate the extraordinary magnetoresistance effect in a specific hybrid structure containing a 2D sheet, our research goes beyond the experimental framework, and the efficiency of the applied optimization method can be compared to the best results achieved so far in the field.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nanoscale-resolution magnetic field sensing plays a significant role in fundamental research in a wide range of fields, from material science to biology. Magnetoresistors in particular offer simplicity of construction and easy adaptation for fabrication based on two-dimensional materials, together with the ability to detect small and medium magnetic fields. Among the wide range of magnetoresistance effects, extraordinary magnetoresistance is unique because it does not require a magnetic material as part of its structure, which may be advantageous in certain applications. In this paper we demonstrate that a recently proposed planar configuration of extraordinary magnetoresistance is naturally suited to the fabrication of devices based on two-dimensional materials. Several operating magnetoresistors have been made for this purpose, using epitaxial mono- and bilayer graphene as well as Bi2Se3 microflakes. Besides the implementation of the extraordinary magnetoresistance in a planar configuration, we demonstrate experimentally the consequences of geometry optimization for future applications. Using the finite element method to simulate the extraordinary magnetoresistance effect in a specific hybrid structure containing a 2D sheet, our research goes beyond the experimental framework, and the efficiency of the applied optimization method can be compared to the best results achieved so far in the field.
69.
Jankowski, Jakub; Prokopowicz, Rafał; Pytel, Krzysztof; El-Ahmar, Semir
Toward the development of an InSb-based Neutron-resistant Hall sensor Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on nuclear science, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 926–931, 2019.
@article{Jankowski2019,
title = {Toward the development of an InSb-based Neutron-resistant Hall sensor},
author = {Jakub Jankowski and Rafał Prokopowicz and Krzysztof Pytel and Semir El-Ahmar},
doi = {DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2019.2912720},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on nuclear science},
volume = {66},
number = {6},
pages = {926--931},
abstract = {We describe a study concerning two irradiation series of InSb thin films in the form of Hall structures, using the natural neutron spectrum of a thermal-type fission reactor. We used mono- and polycrystalline InSb thin films with various levels of donor doping. The range of electron concentration values of the samples (from 10^16 to 10^18 cm^(−3)) allowed us to study the impact of predominant thermal neutrons on various InSb structures. Preirradiation long-term annealing of the samples at high temperatures ensured the thermal stabilization of the electrical parameters and made it possible to assess only defects introduced by neutrons in postirradiation heat treatments, with- out the influence of postevaporation defects. Neutron fluences of 8.7×10^17 cm^(−2) and 1.2×10^18 cm^(−2) were applied sequentially, temperatures was performed after each irradiation process to and the total fluence was above 2×10^18 cm^(−2). Annealing at high estimate the quantity of donors created and to remove defects arising in the InSb structure. The results demonstrate the possibility of application of the InSb thin film in neutron-resistant Hall sensor (NRHS) for modern technological settings: fusion and fission reactors, particle accelerators, cosmic, and other scientific research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We describe a study concerning two irradiation series of InSb thin films in the form of Hall structures, using the natural neutron spectrum of a thermal-type fission reactor. We used mono- and polycrystalline InSb thin films with various levels of donor doping. The range of electron concentration values of the samples (from 10^16 to 10^18 cm^(−3)) allowed us to study the impact of predominant thermal neutrons on various InSb structures. Preirradiation long-term annealing of the samples at high temperatures ensured the thermal stabilization of the electrical parameters and made it possible to assess only defects introduced by neutrons in postirradiation heat treatments, with- out the influence of postevaporation defects. Neutron fluences of 8.7×10^17 cm^(−2) and 1.2×10^18 cm^(−2) were applied sequentially, temperatures was performed after each irradiation process to and the total fluence was above 2×10^18 cm^(−2). Annealing at high estimate the quantity of donors created and to remove defects arising in the InSb structure. The results demonstrate the possibility of application of the InSb thin film in neutron-resistant Hall sensor (NRHS) for modern technological settings: fusion and fission reactors, particle accelerators, cosmic, and other scientific research.
70.
Hermanowicz, Michał; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Bazarnik, Maciej; Kopciuszyński, Marek; Zdyb, Ryszard; Materna, Andrzej; Hruban, A; Czajka, Ryszard; Radny, Marian W.
Stable bismuth sub-monolayer termination of Bi2Se3 Journal Article
In: Applied Surface Science, vol. 476, pp. 701–705, 2019, ISSN: 01694332.
@article{Hermanowicz2019,
title = {Stable bismuth sub-monolayer termination of Bi2Se3},
author = {Michał Hermanowicz and Wojciech Koczorowski and Maciej Bazarnik and Marek Kopciuszyński and Ryszard Zdyb and Andrzej Materna and A Hruban and Ryszard Czajka and Marian W. Radny},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.011},
issn = {01694332},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Applied Surface Science},
volume = {476},
pages = {701--705},
abstract = {Surface electronic properties of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 topological insulators are known to evolve with varying surface termination. In this work, the (1 1 1) surface of Bi2Se3 has been studied with a comprehensive combination of experimental and computational (density functional theory) methods. It has been demonstrated that with proper preparation conditions the system can be forced into a new stable surface termination – a sub-monolayer of bismuth acquired through selective Se desorption – which has not been explored yet.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Surface electronic properties of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 topological insulators are known to evolve with varying surface termination. In this work, the (1 1 1) surface of Bi2Se3 has been studied with a comprehensive combination of experimental and computational (density functional theory) methods. It has been demonstrated that with proper preparation conditions the system can be forced into a new stable surface termination – a sub-monolayer of bismuth acquired through selective Se desorption – which has not been explored yet.
71.
Bazarnik, Maciej; Abadía, Mikel; Brede, Jens; Hermanowicz, Michał; Sierda, Emil; Elsebach, Micha; Hänke, Torben; Wiesendanger, Roland
Atomically resolved magnetic structure of a Gd-Au surface alloy Journal Article
In: Physical Review B, vol. 99, no. 17, pp. 174419, 2019, ISSN: 2469-9950.
@article{Bazarnik2019,
title = {Atomically resolved magnetic structure of a Gd-Au surface alloy},
author = {Maciej Bazarnik and Mikel Abadía and Jens Brede and Michał Hermanowicz and Emil Sierda and Micha Elsebach and Torben Hänke and Roland Wiesendanger},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.99.174419},
issn = {2469-9950},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Physical Review B},
volume = {99},
number = {17},
pages = {174419},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
abstract = {The magnetic structure of a monolayer-thick GdAu2 surface alloy on Au(111) has been investigated down to the atomic level by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Spin-resolved tunneling spectroscopy combined with density-functional theory calculations reveal the local spin polarization of both Gd and Au atomic sites within the surface alloy. Moreover, the impact of dislocation lines on the atomic-scale magnetic structure as well as on the local coercive field strength is demonstrated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The magnetic structure of a monolayer-thick GdAu2 surface alloy on Au(111) has been investigated down to the atomic level by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. Spin-resolved tunneling spectroscopy combined with density-functional theory calculations reveal the local spin polarization of both Gd and Au atomic sites within the surface alloy. Moreover, the impact of dislocation lines on the atomic-scale magnetic structure as well as on the local coercive field strength is demonstrated.
72.
Dychalska, Anna; Fabisiak, Kazimierz; Paprocki, Kazimierz; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Trzcinski, Marek; Szybowicz, Mirosław
In: Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 95, pp. 44–54, 2019, ISSN: 09259635.
@article{Dychalska2019,
title = {The effect of low temperature thermal treatment on structural and chemical composition of a-C film with nc-G admixture studied by Raman spectroscopy},
author = {Anna Dychalska and Kazimierz Fabisiak and Kazimierz Paprocki and Wojciech Koczorowski and Marek Trzcinski and Mirosław Szybowicz},
doi = {10.1016/j.diamond.2019.03.016},
issn = {09259635},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Diamond and Related Materials},
volume = {95},
pages = {44--54},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Extensive Raman spectroscopy studies combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to investigate structural changes in amorphous carbon film upon its annealing to 300 °C and cooling. The results show the variation in the carbon structure within the sample and the presence of nanocrystalline graphite features, as well as minor inclusion of sp1 linear chains. The studies on the behaviour of characteristic D and G bands upon annealing to 300 °C and cooling reveal structural changes in amorphous carbon (a-C) as well as nanocrystalline graphite (nc-G). The intensity ratio I_D /I_G , FWHM and position of the G band indicates irreversible structural ordering of a-C annealed to 300 °C, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Additionally, Raman spectrum of nc-G is decomposed into 4 bands D1 , D2 , G1 , G2 and similar behaviour of G2 band's parameters is observed. SEM measurements reveal a-C aggregates of spherical structures, however before annealing the smallest counterparts of these structures resemble chains, which is also supported by the presence of sp1 features in the Raman and XPS spectra.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Extensive Raman spectroscopy studies combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied to investigate structural changes in amorphous carbon film upon its annealing to 300 °C and cooling. The results show the variation in the carbon structure within the sample and the presence of nanocrystalline graphite features, as well as minor inclusion of sp1 linear chains. The studies on the behaviour of characteristic D and G bands upon annealing to 300 °C and cooling reveal structural changes in amorphous carbon (a-C) as well as nanocrystalline graphite (nc-G). The intensity ratio I_D /I_G , FWHM and position of the G band indicates irreversible structural ordering of a-C annealed to 300 °C, which is also confirmed by XPS measurements. Additionally, Raman spectrum of nc-G is decomposed into 4 bands D1 , D2 , G1 , G2 and similar behaviour of G2 band's parameters is observed. SEM measurements reveal a-C aggregates of spherical structures, however before annealing the smallest counterparts of these structures resemble chains, which is also supported by the presence of sp1 features in the Raman and XPS spectra.
73.
Puchalska, Agnieszka; Jurczyszyn, Leszek; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Czajka, Ryszard; Radny, Marian W.
Electronics of Ba adsorbed on Ge(001) Journal Article
In: Applied Surface Science, vol. 481, pp. 1474–1482, 2019, ISSN: 01694332.
@article{Puchalska2019,
title = {Electronics of Ba adsorbed on Ge(001)},
author = {Agnieszka Puchalska and Leszek Jurczyszyn and Wojciech Koczorowski and Ryszard Czajka and Marian W. Radny},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.183},
issn = {01694332},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Applied Surface Science},
volume = {481},
pages = {1474--1482},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Electronic structures of experimentally verified on-top and incorporated configurations for the Ba/Ge(001) adsorption system is discussed. It is shown that the Ba–Ge interaction in both phases is predominantly ionic in nature. It is also demonstrated that this adatom-substrate interaction governs the formation of the extended on-top and the incorporated phases. In the latter the Ba adatoms interact with the second layer Ge atoms resulting in the formation of the unoccupied dangling bonds on the remaining surface Ge dimers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Electronic structures of experimentally verified on-top and incorporated configurations for the Ba/Ge(001) adsorption system is discussed. It is shown that the Ba–Ge interaction in both phases is predominantly ionic in nature. It is also demonstrated that this adatom-substrate interaction governs the formation of the extended on-top and the incorporated phases. In the latter the Ba adatoms interact with the second layer Ge atoms resulting in the formation of the unoccupied dangling bonds on the remaining surface Ge dimers.
74.
Sierda, Emil; Elsebach, Micha; Wiesendanger, Roland; Bazarnik, Maciej
Probing Weakly Hybridized Magnetic Molecules by Single-Atom Magnetometry Journal Article
In: Nano Letters, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 9013–9018, 2019, ISSN: 15306992.
@article{Sierda2019,
title = {Probing Weakly Hybridized Magnetic Molecules by Single-Atom Magnetometry},
author = {Emil Sierda and Micha Elsebach and Roland Wiesendanger and Maciej Bazarnik},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04025},
issn = {15306992},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Nano Letters},
volume = {19},
number = {12},
pages = {9013--9018},
abstract = {Advances in molecular spintronics rely on the in-depth characterization of the molecular building blocks in terms of their electronic and, more importantly, magnetic properties. For this purpose, inert substrates that interact only weakly with adsorbed molecules are required in order to preserve their electronic states. Here, we investigate the magnetic-field response of a single paramagnetic 5,5′-dibromosalophenatocobalt(II) (CoSal) molecule adsorbed on a weakly interacting magnetic substrate, namely, Fe-intercalated graphene (GR/Fe) grown on Ir(111), by using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We have obtained local magnetization curves, spin-dependent tunneling spectra, and spatial maps of magnetic asymmetry for a single CoSal molecule, revealing its magnetic properties and coupling to the local environment. The distinct magnetic behavior of the Co metal center is found to rely strictly on its position relative to the GR/Fe moiré structure, which determines the level of hybridization between the GR/Fe surface Ï€-system and the molecular orbitals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Advances in molecular spintronics rely on the in-depth characterization of the molecular building blocks in terms of their electronic and, more importantly, magnetic properties. For this purpose, inert substrates that interact only weakly with adsorbed molecules are required in order to preserve their electronic states. Here, we investigate the magnetic-field response of a single paramagnetic 5,5′-dibromosalophenatocobalt(II) (CoSal) molecule adsorbed on a weakly interacting magnetic substrate, namely, Fe-intercalated graphene (GR/Fe) grown on Ir(111), by using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We have obtained local magnetization curves, spin-dependent tunneling spectra, and spatial maps of magnetic asymmetry for a single CoSal molecule, revealing its magnetic properties and coupling to the local environment. The distinct magnetic behavior of the Co metal center is found to rely strictly on its position relative to the GR/Fe moiré structure, which determines the level of hybridization between the GR/Fe surface Ï€-system and the molecular orbitals.
75.
Sandomierski, Mariusz; Strzemiecka, Beata; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Barczewski, Mateusz; Kasperkowiak, Małgorzata; Pokora, Monika; Borek, Bartłomiej; Chehimi, Mohamed M.; Voelkel, Adam
Mechanically robust and thermally stable abrasive tools from phenolic resins reinforced with diazonium-modified zeolites Journal Article
In: Polymer Composites, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 3209–3219, 2019, ISSN: 15480569.
@article{Sandomierski2019,
title = {Mechanically robust and thermally stable abrasive tools from phenolic resins reinforced with diazonium-modified zeolites},
author = {Mariusz Sandomierski and Beata Strzemiecka and Wojciech Koczorowski and Mateusz Barczewski and Małgorzata Kasperkowiak and Monika Pokora and Bartłomiej Borek and Mohamed M. Chehimi and Adam Voelkel},
doi = {10.1002/pc.25174},
issn = {15480569},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Polymer Composites},
volume = {40},
number = {8},
pages = {3209--3219},
abstract = {The contact area between the filler and the polymer is a critical region that influences to a great extent the filler–matrix adhesion and therefore the mechanical properties of the composite. Controlling the type of interactions at this interface has a significant effect on the properties of the composite materials. In this context, we prepared composites by covalent reaction of diazonium-functionalized zeolite with phenol-formaldehyde resin. Introducing the hydroxymethyl groups onto the surface of the filler via diazonium chemistry allows for covalent bonds between the resin and the modified filler. Such a modification resulted in higher flexural strength of the composites, better ability to dissipate mechanical energy during load and also better damping properties (which are strongly linked to the final product durability) compared with the composites bearing pristine zeolite filler. Moreover, application of modified filler accelerates the crosslinking of novolac resin used as a binder in abrasive tools. One key feature of the work was brought by thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry results which indicate no release of toxic urotropine degradation products for composites containing modified fillers. This work demonstrates conclusively that diazonium-functionalized zeolite filler particles improve remarkably the thermal and mechanical properties of novolac-based composites. Such robust composites have high potential in the production of novel abrasive tools. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3209–3219, 2019. textcopyright 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The contact area between the filler and the polymer is a critical region that influences to a great extent the filler–matrix adhesion and therefore the mechanical properties of the composite. Controlling the type of interactions at this interface has a significant effect on the properties of the composite materials. In this context, we prepared composites by covalent reaction of diazonium-functionalized zeolite with phenol-formaldehyde resin. Introducing the hydroxymethyl groups onto the surface of the filler via diazonium chemistry allows for covalent bonds between the resin and the modified filler. Such a modification resulted in higher flexural strength of the composites, better ability to dissipate mechanical energy during load and also better damping properties (which are strongly linked to the final product durability) compared with the composites bearing pristine zeolite filler. Moreover, application of modified filler accelerates the crosslinking of novolac resin used as a binder in abrasive tools. One key feature of the work was brought by thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry results which indicate no release of toxic urotropine degradation products for composites containing modified fillers. This work demonstrates conclusively that diazonium-functionalized zeolite filler particles improve remarkably the thermal and mechanical properties of novolac-based composites. Such robust composites have high potential in the production of novel abrasive tools. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3209–3219, 2019. textcopyright 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers.
76.
Friedlein, Johannes; Harm, Jonas; Lindner, Phillip; Bargsten, Lennart; Bazarnik, Maciej; Krause, Stefan; Wiesendanger, Roland
A radio-frequency spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope Journal Article
In: Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 90, no. 12, pp. 123705(8), 2019, ISSN: 10897623.
@article{Friedlein2019,
title = {A radio-frequency spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope},
author = {Johannes Friedlein and Jonas Harm and Phillip Lindner and Lennart Bargsten and Maciej Bazarnik and Stefan Krause and Roland Wiesendanger},
doi = {10.1063/1.5104317},
issn = {10897623},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
volume = {90},
number = {12},
pages = {123705(8)},
publisher = {AIP Publishing, LLC},
abstract = {A scanning tunneling microscope for spin-resolved studies of dynamic systems is presented. The cryogenic setup allows the scanning tunneling microscope to achieve a cutoff frequency beyond 26 GHz at the tunnel junction and to be operable at temperatures of 1.1 K-100 K in a magnetic field of up to 3 T. For this purpose, the microscope and its wiring as well as the associated cryostat system were specially designed and manufactured. For sample preparation, an ultrahigh vacuum system was developed, which is equipped with modular preparation platforms. Measurements showing the characteristics of the scanning tunneling microscope in the time and frequency domain are presented. As a proof of concept, experimental data of the Pd/Fe/Ir(111) sample system at 95 K in a magnetic field of 3 T are presented.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A scanning tunneling microscope for spin-resolved studies of dynamic systems is presented. The cryogenic setup allows the scanning tunneling microscope to achieve a cutoff frequency beyond 26 GHz at the tunnel junction and to be operable at temperatures of 1.1 K-100 K in a magnetic field of up to 3 T. For this purpose, the microscope and its wiring as well as the associated cryostat system were specially designed and manufactured. For sample preparation, an ultrahigh vacuum system was developed, which is equipped with modular preparation platforms. Measurements showing the characteristics of the scanning tunneling microscope in the time and frequency domain are presented. As a proof of concept, experimental data of the Pd/Fe/Ir(111) sample system at 95 K in a magnetic field of 3 T are presented.
77.
El-Ahmar, Semir; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Oszwałdowski, Maciej
Using double Hall sensor structure to greatly reduce voltage offset in epitaxial graphene Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 125, no. 10, pp. 104502(8), 2019, ISSN: 10897550.
@article{El-Ahmar2019a,
title = {Using double Hall sensor structure to greatly reduce voltage offset in epitaxial graphene},
author = {Semir El-Ahmar and Wojciech Koczorowski and Maciej Oszwałdowski},
doi = {10.1063/1.5050376},
issn = {10897550},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
volume = {125},
number = {10},
pages = {104502(8)},
abstract = {In this paper, we show that the very large offset voltage observed in Hall sensors exploiting the epitaxial graphene on an SiC substrate can be reduced quite effectively with the help of the double Hall sensor structure (DHSS). A record offset reduction by four orders of magnitude to the DC microvolt level is achieved. The strongly reduced offset is thermally stable, provided that the single Hall sensors of the DHSS have equal temperature coefficients of resistance and the heating/cooling procedure is performed under isothermal conditions to avoid the generation of thermoelectric voltages that add to the reduced offset.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we show that the very large offset voltage observed in Hall sensors exploiting the epitaxial graphene on an SiC substrate can be reduced quite effectively with the help of the double Hall sensor structure (DHSS). A record offset reduction by four orders of magnitude to the DC microvolt level is achieved. The strongly reduced offset is thermally stable, provided that the single Hall sensors of the DHSS have equal temperature coefficients of resistance and the heating/cooling procedure is performed under isothermal conditions to avoid the generation of thermoelectric voltages that add to the reduced offset.
2018
78.
El-Ahmar, Semir; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Kuświk, Piotr
Czujnik pola magnetycznego Patent
2018, (PL416781-A1; PL229336-B1).
@patent{Pat2018SA,
title = {Czujnik pola magnetycznego},
author = {Semir El-Ahmar and Wojciech Koczorowski and Piotr Kuświk},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-01},
note = {PL416781-A1; PL229336-B1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
79.
Baczyńska, Monika; Waszak, Michał; Nowicki, Marek; Przadka, Dawid; Borysiak, Sławomir; Regel-Rosocka, Magdalena
Characterization of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) Containing Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Zn(II) Carriers Journal Article
In: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 57, no. 14, pp. 5070–5082, 2018, ISSN: 15205045.
@article{Baczynska2018,
title = {Characterization of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) Containing Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Zn(II) Carriers},
author = {Monika Baczyńska and Michał Waszak and Marek Nowicki and Dawid Przadka and Sławomir Borysiak and Magdalena Regel-Rosocka},
doi = {10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04685},
issn = {15205045},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research},
volume = {57},
number = {14},
pages = {5070--5082},
abstract = {Phosphonium ionic liquids (IL), i.e., trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104), and tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 167), were used as ion carriers in CTA or PVC-based polymer inclusion membranes (PIM). Up to now, the morphology and structure of PIMs with phosphonium ILs have not been characterized in detail. Thus, the following techniques were proposed in this paper - contact angle measurements, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, AFM, and SEM - to analyze the influence of PIM morphology on the efficiency of Zn(II) transport. CTA-based membranes appeared to be more hydrophilic, with a more expanded and rough surface that allowed better accessibility of the metal ions to the membrane. PVC-based PIMs were more hydrophobic and completely amorphous, and their surface showed less diversity, resulting in worse accessibility. Also, PIM stability after five cycles of transport processes was examined.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Phosphonium ionic liquids (IL), i.e., trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104), and tributyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 167), were used as ion carriers in CTA or PVC-based polymer inclusion membranes (PIM). Up to now, the morphology and structure of PIMs with phosphonium ILs have not been characterized in detail. Thus, the following techniques were proposed in this paper - contact angle measurements, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, AFM, and SEM - to analyze the influence of PIM morphology on the efficiency of Zn(II) transport. CTA-based membranes appeared to be more hydrophilic, with a more expanded and rough surface that allowed better accessibility of the metal ions to the membrane. PVC-based PIMs were more hydrophobic and completely amorphous, and their surface showed less diversity, resulting in worse accessibility. Also, PIM stability after five cycles of transport processes was examined.
80.
Dawczak-Dcebicki, Hubert; Marczyńska, Agnieszka; Rogowska, Aleksanda; Wachowiak, Mateusz; Nowicki, Marek; Pacanowski, Sebastian; Jabłoński, Beniamin; Czajka, Ryszard; Smardz, Lesław
Exchange coupling effects in naturally oxidised ultrathin iron film Journal Article
In: Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 601–604, 2018, ISSN: 1898794X.
@article{Dawczak-Debicki2018,
title = {Exchange coupling effects in naturally oxidised ultrathin iron film},
author = {Hubert Dawczak-Dcebicki and Agnieszka Marczyńska and Aleksanda Rogowska and Mateusz Wachowiak and Marek Nowicki and Sebastian Pacanowski and Beniamin Jabłoński and Ryszard Czajka and Lesław Smardz},
doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.133.601},
issn = {1898794X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},
volume = {133},
number = {3},
pages = {601--604},
abstract = {Oxidation process of Fe films under atmospheric conditions is depth limited such that an oxide covering layer with a well-defined thickness is formed by which the underlying metal is prevented from further oxidation. Iron thin film with an initial thickness di = 4 nm was deposited onto 1.6 nm - V(110) buffer layer using UHV magnetron sputtering. The planar growth of Fe oxides was revealed by atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies performed after 250 days of oxidation revealed formation of a hematite ($alpha$-Fe2O3) ultrathin film on the metallic rest of iron. Furthermore, low temperature magnetic measurements of the oxidised Fe ultrathin film revealed an exchange anisotropy which is imposed to the metallic rest. As a result, we have observed at low temperatures a shift and broadening of the hysteresis loops due to the exchange interaction at the metal-oxide interface.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oxidation process of Fe films under atmospheric conditions is depth limited such that an oxide covering layer with a well-defined thickness is formed by which the underlying metal is prevented from further oxidation. Iron thin film with an initial thickness di = 4 nm was deposited onto 1.6 nm - V(110) buffer layer using UHV magnetron sputtering. The planar growth of Fe oxides was revealed by atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies performed after 250 days of oxidation revealed formation of a hematite ($alpha$-Fe2O3) ultrathin film on the metallic rest of iron. Furthermore, low temperature magnetic measurements of the oxidised Fe ultrathin film revealed an exchange anisotropy which is imposed to the metallic rest. As a result, we have observed at low temperatures a shift and broadening of the hysteresis loops due to the exchange interaction at the metal-oxide interface.
81.
Baczyńska, Monika; Słomka, Żaneta; Rzelewska, Martyna; Waszak, Michał; Nowicki, Marek; Regel-Rosocka, Magdalena
In: Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1767–1777, 2018, ISSN: 10974660.
@article{Baczynska2018a,
title = {Characterization of polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing phosphonium ionic liquids and their application for separation of Zn(II) from Fe(III)},
author = {Monika Baczyńska and Żaneta Słomka and Martyna Rzelewska and Michał Waszak and Marek Nowicki and Magdalena Regel-Rosocka},
doi = {10.1002/jctb.5552},
issn = {10974660},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology},
volume = {93},
number = {6},
pages = {1767--1777},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hydrometallurgical separation of Zn(II) from Fe(III) from HCl solutions is an important issue to regenerate spent effluents. Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) are an attractive technique for selective separation and concentration of low concentrated target metal ions, as an alternative to liquid–liquid extraction. RESULTS: PIMs containing phosphonium ionic liquids trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL101) or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL104), as metal ion carriers, o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizer and triacetate cellulose (CTA) as a polymer matrix were prepared and characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation measurements. An important aspect was to determine the influence of PIMs ageing on their morphology and efficiency of Zn(II) transport. Finally, PIMs were applied for separation of Zn(II) from Fe(III). CONCLUSION: The surface of the IL-containing PIMs was characterized as hydrophilic, rough, without apparent pores. However, phase contrast images indicated that the plasticized membranes were not fully homogeneous. Stability of the PIMs, particularly of those without the plasticizer or without the carrier, is affected by ageing. Finally, a membrane-based successful separation of Zn(II) from Fe(III) was developed with 1 mol L^(-1) HCl as a stripping phase for Fe(III), while the majority of Zn(II) were retained in the feed phase (SFe(III)/Zn(II) = 8.85). textcopyright 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Hydrometallurgical separation of Zn(II) from Fe(III) from HCl solutions is an important issue to regenerate spent effluents. Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) are an attractive technique for selective separation and concentration of low concentrated target metal ions, as an alternative to liquid–liquid extraction. RESULTS: PIMs containing phosphonium ionic liquids trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL101) or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL104), as metal ion carriers, o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizer and triacetate cellulose (CTA) as a polymer matrix were prepared and characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation measurements. An important aspect was to determine the influence of PIMs ageing on their morphology and efficiency of Zn(II) transport. Finally, PIMs were applied for separation of Zn(II) from Fe(III). CONCLUSION: The surface of the IL-containing PIMs was characterized as hydrophilic, rough, without apparent pores. However, phase contrast images indicated that the plasticized membranes were not fully homogeneous. Stability of the PIMs, particularly of those without the plasticizer or without the carrier, is affected by ageing. Finally, a membrane-based successful separation of Zn(II) from Fe(III) was developed with 1 mol L^(-1) HCl as a stripping phase for Fe(III), while the majority of Zn(II) were retained in the feed phase (SFe(III)/Zn(II) = 8.85). textcopyright 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
82.
Koczorowski, Wojciech; Grzela, Tomasz; Puchalska, Agnieszka; Radny, Marian W.; Jurczyszyn, Leszek; Schofield, Steven R.; Czajka, Ryszard; Curson, Neil J.
Higher order reconstructions of the Ge(001) surface induced by a Ba layer Journal Article
In: Applied Surface Science, vol. 435, pp. 438–443, 2018, ISSN: 01694332.
@article{Koczorowski2018,
title = {Higher order reconstructions of the Ge(001) surface induced by a Ba layer},
author = {Wojciech Koczorowski and Tomasz Grzela and Agnieszka Puchalska and Marian W. Radny and Leszek Jurczyszyn and Steven R. Schofield and Ryszard Czajka and Neil J. Curson},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.11.058},
issn = {01694332},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Applied Surface Science},
volume = {435},
pages = {438--443},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Structural properties of Ba-induced reconstructions on a Ge(001) surface, based on atomic-resolution ultra high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, are discussed. It is shown that while the Ba - Ge layer, which fully covers the surface, is dominated by a phase with an internal 2 × 3 periodicity, it also includes portions of higher order 2 × 6 and 4 × 3 surface reconstructions, always accompanied by 1D protrusions embedded into the dominating phase. Modelling the observed higher order structures, using the elementary cell of the 2 × 3 phase calculated within the density functional theory, is shown to reproduce the experimental data very well. As such the higher order reconstructions can be treated as local defects of the dominating 2 × 3 phase.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Structural properties of Ba-induced reconstructions on a Ge(001) surface, based on atomic-resolution ultra high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, are discussed. It is shown that while the Ba - Ge layer, which fully covers the surface, is dominated by a phase with an internal 2 × 3 periodicity, it also includes portions of higher order 2 × 6 and 4 × 3 surface reconstructions, always accompanied by 1D protrusions embedded into the dominating phase. Modelling the observed higher order structures, using the elementary cell of the 2 × 3 phase calculated within the density functional theory, is shown to reproduce the experimental data very well. As such the higher order reconstructions can be treated as local defects of the dominating 2 × 3 phase.
83.
Przychodnia, Marta; Czajka, Ryszard; Koczorowski, Wojciech
Functionalization of the Si(111) 7 × 7 substrate with coronene molecules using simple molecular source Journal Article
In: Materials Science- Poland, vol. 36, no. 1, 2018, ISSN: 2083134X.
@article{Przychodnia2018,
title = {Functionalization of the Si(111) 7 × 7 substrate with coronene molecules using simple molecular source},
author = {Marta Przychodnia and Ryszard Czajka and Wojciech Koczorowski},
doi = {10.1515/msp-2017-0113},
issn = {2083134X},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Materials Science- Poland},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
abstract = {textcopyright 2018. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. The present paper aims at describing a source designed and constructed to generate an organic molecular beam under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The presented construction solution of the evaporation source allows for independent deposition of three different kinds of molecules. The probability of molecules fragmentation is minimized by using a thermocouple being in contact with a molecular crucible, which enables precise temperature control. In addition, cleanness and molecular beam density are monitored using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and quartz microbalance, respectively. The operational parameters of the molecular source are optimized and deposition rates are measured for the coronene molecule in the sublimation temperature range between 430 K and 460 K. The analysis of scanning tunneling microscope images of the Si(1 1 1) 7 × 7 substrate covered with the sub-monolayer of coronene molecules and comparison with previously published data has been used for verification of the molecular source operation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
textcopyright 2018. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. The present paper aims at describing a source designed and constructed to generate an organic molecular beam under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The presented construction solution of the evaporation source allows for independent deposition of three different kinds of molecules. The probability of molecules fragmentation is minimized by using a thermocouple being in contact with a molecular crucible, which enables precise temperature control. In addition, cleanness and molecular beam density are monitored using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and quartz microbalance, respectively. The operational parameters of the molecular source are optimized and deposition rates are measured for the coronene molecule in the sublimation temperature range between 430 K and 460 K. The analysis of scanning tunneling microscope images of the Si(1 1 1) 7 × 7 substrate covered with the sub-monolayer of coronene molecules and comparison with previously published data has been used for verification of the molecular source operation.
84.
Nowicki, Marek
Nanomechanical Analysis of Nucleation Modified Isotactic Polypropylene Journal Article
In: Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 378, no. 1, pp. 1600175(4), 2018, ISSN: 15213900.
@article{Nowicki2018,
title = {Nanomechanical Analysis of Nucleation Modified Isotactic Polypropylene},
author = {Marek Nowicki},
doi = {10.1002/masy.201600175},
issn = {15213900},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Macromolecular Symposia},
volume = {378},
number = {1},
pages = {1600175(4)},
abstract = {Nanoindentation measurement is a very useful tool for studying mechanical property distributions in polymeric samples. It allows the determination of the local values of the elasticity modulus and hardness on the sample surface, thus making possible the production of maps of mechanical properties. Indentation depths of less than one micrometer are sufficient for precise measurement. The distributions of hardness and elastic moduli on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples are presented. The samples are prepared from neat iPP and samples containing DMDBS (1,3:24-bis(3,4-dimethylobenzylideno) sorbitol) and PACS (pimelic acid + calcium stearate) used as nucleating agents. The addition of DMDBS leads to creation of alpha phase iPP; on the contrary PACS gives the beta phase crystalline form in an iPP. Samples iPP + 0.2% PACS, iPP + 0.2% DMDBS and iPP + 0.1%PACS + 0.1% DMDBS are analyzed The nanoindentation experiments are realized on the cross section of standard specimens for a tensile test. The tested surface is polished after cutting. Indentation mapping allowed an analysis of changes in the mechanical properties as a function of distance from the mold wall for the sample produced by injection molding. The influence of nucleating agents on the homogeneity of the produced structure is discussed. In addition, the evaluated values of elastic modulus have been compared to those obtained from a static tensile test.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nanoindentation measurement is a very useful tool for studying mechanical property distributions in polymeric samples. It allows the determination of the local values of the elasticity modulus and hardness on the sample surface, thus making possible the production of maps of mechanical properties. Indentation depths of less than one micrometer are sufficient for precise measurement. The distributions of hardness and elastic moduli on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples are presented. The samples are prepared from neat iPP and samples containing DMDBS (1,3:24-bis(3,4-dimethylobenzylideno) sorbitol) and PACS (pimelic acid + calcium stearate) used as nucleating agents. The addition of DMDBS leads to creation of alpha phase iPP; on the contrary PACS gives the beta phase crystalline form in an iPP. Samples iPP + 0.2% PACS, iPP + 0.2% DMDBS and iPP + 0.1%PACS + 0.1% DMDBS are analyzed The nanoindentation experiments are realized on the cross section of standard specimens for a tensile test. The tested surface is polished after cutting. Indentation mapping allowed an analysis of changes in the mechanical properties as a function of distance from the mold wall for the sample produced by injection molding. The influence of nucleating agents on the homogeneity of the produced structure is discussed. In addition, the evaluated values of elastic modulus have been compared to those obtained from a static tensile test.
85.
Wojciechowska, Patrycja; Tichoniuk, Mariusz; Gwiazdowska, Daniela; Maciejewski, Hieronim; Nowicki, Marek
Antimicrobial activity of organic–inorganic hybrid films based on gelatin and organomodified silicones Journal Article
In: Advances in Polymer Technology, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 2958–2970, 2018, ISSN: 10982329.
@article{Wojciechowska2018,
title = {Antimicrobial activity of organic–inorganic hybrid films based on gelatin and organomodified silicones},
author = {Patrycja Wojciechowska and Mariusz Tichoniuk and Daniela Gwiazdowska and Hieronim Maciejewski and Marek Nowicki},
doi = {10.1002/adv.21967},
issn = {10982329},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Advances in Polymer Technology},
volume = {37},
number = {8},
pages = {2958--2970},
abstract = {Gelatin–siloxane hybrid films containing antimicrobial agents were prepared in the two-step procedure. First, gelatin was chemically modified with organomodified silicones containing epoxy (S1) and both epoxy and fluoroalkyl groups (S2). Next, antimicrobial agents such as lysozyme, EDTA, and nisin, in various concentrations, were introduced into obtained hybrid solution, prior to solvent casting of the films. Antimicrobial activity of prepared samples, as well as neat gelatin and gelatin–siloxane hybrid as a reference, was investigated using a modified agar diffusion method against several bacterial strains (Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) and opportunistic fungus (yeast species Candida albicans). Prepared gelatin–siloxane films were characterized using FT-IR, thermal and SEM analysis. Mechanical properties and swelling behavior of the samples were also investigated. The influence of type and amount of organosilicon compound used for modification of gelatin, as well as type and concentration of applied active agent on antimicrobial activity, was determined. We observed higher antimicrobial activity for all synthesized gelatin–siloxane hybrids than for unmodified gelatin with lysozyme, nisin, and EDTA prepared as comparison. Moreover, samples obtained with siloxane containing fluoroalkyl groups (S2) showed higher resistance to microbial agents than hybrids with S1 siloxane. Hybrid films showed also better water stability than neat biopolymer.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gelatin–siloxane hybrid films containing antimicrobial agents were prepared in the two-step procedure. First, gelatin was chemically modified with organomodified silicones containing epoxy (S1) and both epoxy and fluoroalkyl groups (S2). Next, antimicrobial agents such as lysozyme, EDTA, and nisin, in various concentrations, were introduced into obtained hybrid solution, prior to solvent casting of the films. Antimicrobial activity of prepared samples, as well as neat gelatin and gelatin–siloxane hybrid as a reference, was investigated using a modified agar diffusion method against several bacterial strains (Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) and opportunistic fungus (yeast species Candida albicans). Prepared gelatin–siloxane films were characterized using FT-IR, thermal and SEM analysis. Mechanical properties and swelling behavior of the samples were also investigated. The influence of type and amount of organosilicon compound used for modification of gelatin, as well as type and concentration of applied active agent on antimicrobial activity, was determined. We observed higher antimicrobial activity for all synthesized gelatin–siloxane hybrids than for unmodified gelatin with lysozyme, nisin, and EDTA prepared as comparison. Moreover, samples obtained with siloxane containing fluoroalkyl groups (S2) showed higher resistance to microbial agents than hybrids with S1 siloxane. Hybrid films showed also better water stability than neat biopolymer.
86.
Oszwałdowski, Maciej; El-Ahmar, Semir
Temperature dependence of reduced offset in double Hall sensor structure reducing voltage offset Journal Article
In: Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 015004(6), 2018, ISSN: 10897623.
@article{Oszwadowski2018,
title = {Temperature dependence of reduced offset in double Hall sensor structure reducing voltage offset},
author = {Maciej Oszwałdowski and Semir El-Ahmar},
doi = {10.1063/1.4995391},
issn = {10897623},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
volume = {89},
number = {1},
pages = {015004(6)},
abstract = {We have recently described the principle of operation of a double Hall sensor structure (DHSS) reducing the voltage offset [M. Oszwałdowski and S. El-Ahmar, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 075005 (2017)]. The correctness of operation of the structure and its characteristic features were checked and clarified experimentally using the structures made of InSb thin films. In the present paper, we investigate the very important problem of the temperature dependence of the reduced offset in the DHSS. We show that the reduced voltage temperature dependence is entirely governed by the temperature dependence of the resistance of the component Hall sensors. If the averaged temperature dependence of the resistance of both the component Hall sensors were the same in a given temperature range, the reduced offset of the DHSS can be virtually independent of temperature in that temperature range. This behavior is confirmed by experimental investigations performed on DHSSs made of InSb thin films.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We have recently described the principle of operation of a double Hall sensor structure (DHSS) reducing the voltage offset [M. Oszwałdowski and S. El-Ahmar, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 075005 (2017)]. The correctness of operation of the structure and its characteristic features were checked and clarified experimentally using the structures made of InSb thin films. In the present paper, we investigate the very important problem of the temperature dependence of the reduced offset in the DHSS. We show that the reduced voltage temperature dependence is entirely governed by the temperature dependence of the resistance of the component Hall sensors. If the averaged temperature dependence of the resistance of both the component Hall sensors were the same in a given temperature range, the reduced offset of the DHSS can be virtually independent of temperature in that temperature range. This behavior is confirmed by experimental investigations performed on DHSSs made of InSb thin films.
87.
Jcedrzak, Artur; Rcebiś, Tomasz; Nowicki, Marek; Synoradzki, Karol; Mrówczyński, Radosław; Jesionowski, Teofil
Polydopamine grafted on an advanced Fe3O4 /lignin hybrid material and its evaluation in biosensing Journal Article
In: Applied Surface Science, vol. 455, no. May, pp. 455–464, 2018, ISSN: 01694332.
@article{Jedrzak2018,
title = {Polydopamine grafted on an advanced Fe3O4 /lignin hybrid material and its evaluation in biosensing},
author = {Artur Jcedrzak and Tomasz Rcebiś and Marek Nowicki and Karol Synoradzki and Radosław Mrówczyński and Teofil Jesionowski},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.05.155},
issn = {01694332},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Applied Surface Science},
volume = {455},
number = {May},
pages = {455--464},
abstract = {In this paper, a synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a novel magnetite/lignin (Fe 3 O 4 /Lig) and magnetite/lignin/polydopamine (Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA) materials are presented as a novel and effective platforms for an enzyme immobilization or biosensing application. The hybrid has interesting features like improved thermal and mechanical stability, excellent adhesion for inorganic and organic materials, transferability of electrons and photothermal properties. In order to characterize features of the materials, carried out Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), electrokinetic potential (zeta), and magnetic measurements (SQUID). From the TEM analysis, magnetite/lignin hybrid is proved to be covered by a 2–3 nm uniform layer of polydopamine. In a further study, the resultant functional biomaterial Fe 3 O 4 /Lig and Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA were used to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx). The immobilization capacity of 26.92 and 29.24 mg/g were achieved for Fe 3 O 4 /Lig and Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA, respectively. After mixing of the materials with graphite and ferrocene, the modified carbon paste electrodes CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/GOx/Fc and CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA/GOx/Fc were obtained and they were tested for application as bioelectrochemical glucose sensing system. The linear ranges of CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/GOx/Fc and CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA/GOx/Fc were from 0.5 to 4.5 and 0.5–9.0 mM glucose, respectively. The hysteresis loops of the prepared materials show no coercivity and remanent magnetizations at room temperature, exhibiting typical superparamagnetic behavior.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, a synthesis and physicochemical characterization of a novel magnetite/lignin (Fe 3 O 4 /Lig) and magnetite/lignin/polydopamine (Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA) materials are presented as a novel and effective platforms for an enzyme immobilization or biosensing application. The hybrid has interesting features like improved thermal and mechanical stability, excellent adhesion for inorganic and organic materials, transferability of electrons and photothermal properties. In order to characterize features of the materials, carried out Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), electrokinetic potential (zeta), and magnetic measurements (SQUID). From the TEM analysis, magnetite/lignin hybrid is proved to be covered by a 2–3 nm uniform layer of polydopamine. In a further study, the resultant functional biomaterial Fe 3 O 4 /Lig and Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA were used to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx). The immobilization capacity of 26.92 and 29.24 mg/g were achieved for Fe 3 O 4 /Lig and Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA, respectively. After mixing of the materials with graphite and ferrocene, the modified carbon paste electrodes CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/GOx/Fc and CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA/GOx/Fc were obtained and they were tested for application as bioelectrochemical glucose sensing system. The linear ranges of CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/GOx/Fc and CPE/Fe 3 O 4 /Lig/PDA/GOx/Fc were from 0.5 to 4.5 and 0.5–9.0 mM glucose, respectively. The hysteresis loops of the prepared materials show no coercivity and remanent magnetizations at room temperature, exhibiting typical superparamagnetic behavior.
2017
88.
García-Fernández, C.; Sierda, Emil; Abadía, Mikel; Bugenhagen, Bernhard; Prosenc, Marc H.; Wiesendanger, Roland; Bazarnik, Maciej; Ortega, José Enrique; Brede, Jens; Matito, Eduard; Arnau, Andrés
Exploring the Relation between Intramolecular Conjugation and Band Dispersion in One-Dimensional Polymers Journal Article
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 121, no. 48, pp. 27118–27125, 2017, ISSN: 19327455.
@article{Garcia-Fernandez2017,
title = {Exploring the Relation between Intramolecular Conjugation and Band Dispersion in One-Dimensional Polymers},
author = {C. García-Fernández and Emil Sierda and Mikel Abadía and Bernhard Bugenhagen and Marc H. Prosenc and Roland Wiesendanger and Maciej Bazarnik and José Enrique Ortega and Jens Brede and Eduard Matito and Andrés Arnau},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b08668},
issn = {19327455},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
volume = {121},
number = {48},
pages = {27118--27125},
abstract = {Making use of the inherent surface anisotropy of different high index surface planes vicinal to the low index Au(111) orientation, one-dimensional polymers have been synthesized following established procedures from two different precursor molecules. The successful polymerization of both 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl and 5,5′-dibromo-salophenato-Co(II) precursors into poly(p-phenylene) and poly[salophenato-Co(II)], respectively, has been confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data reveal a highly dispersive band in the case of poly(p-phenylene) while no significant dispersion is resolved for poly[salophenato-Co(II)]. On the basis of density functional theory calculations, we explain this observation as a result of a high conjugation along the aromatic phenyl groups in poly(p-phenylene) that is absent in the case of poly[salophenato-Co(II)], where intramolecular conjugation is interrupted in the salophenato-Co(II) unit. Furthermore, we make use of multicenter and delocalization indexes to characterize the electron mobility (corresponding to a high band dispersion) along different paths associated with individual molecular orbitals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Making use of the inherent surface anisotropy of different high index surface planes vicinal to the low index Au(111) orientation, one-dimensional polymers have been synthesized following established procedures from two different precursor molecules. The successful polymerization of both 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl and 5,5′-dibromo-salophenato-Co(II) precursors into poly(p-phenylene) and poly[salophenato-Co(II)], respectively, has been confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data reveal a highly dispersive band in the case of poly(p-phenylene) while no significant dispersion is resolved for poly[salophenato-Co(II)]. On the basis of density functional theory calculations, we explain this observation as a result of a high conjugation along the aromatic phenyl groups in poly(p-phenylene) that is absent in the case of poly[salophenato-Co(II)], where intramolecular conjugation is interrupted in the salophenato-Co(II) unit. Furthermore, we make use of multicenter and delocalization indexes to characterize the electron mobility (corresponding to a high band dispersion) along different paths associated with individual molecular orbitals.
89.
Dawczak-Dcebicki, Hubert; Marczyńska, Agnieszka; Rogowska, Aleksanda; Wachowiak, Mateusz; Nowicki, Marek; Pacanowski, Sebastian; Jabłoński, Beniamin; Kowalski, Wojciech; Grembowski, Jan; Czajka, Ryszard; Smardz, Lesław
Natural oxidation of thin FE films on V Buffer layer Journal Article
In: Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 132, no. 4, pp. 1272–1276, 2017, ISSN: 1898794X.
@article{Dawczak-Debicki2017,
title = {Natural oxidation of thin FE films on V Buffer layer},
author = {Hubert Dawczak-Dcebicki and Agnieszka Marczyńska and Aleksanda Rogowska and Mateusz Wachowiak and Marek Nowicki and Sebastian Pacanowski and Beniamin Jabłoński and Wojciech Kowalski and Jan Grembowski and Ryszard Czajka and Lesław Smardz},
doi = {10.12693/APhysPolA.132.1272},
issn = {1898794X},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Acta Physica Polonica A},
volume = {132},
number = {4},
pages = {1272--1276},
abstract = {We have studied oxidation kinetics of Fe thin film under atmospheric conditions using the fact that metallic iron is a ferromagnet but ultrathin natural iron oxides are approximately nonmagnetic at room temperature. As a consequence, oxidation is associated with a loss in total Fe magnetic moment. Results show that the sample with an initial Fe thickness equal to 10 nm oxidize relatively fast (time constant $tau$ = 0:05 day), whereby a constant amount of 2.5 nm of metal is transformed into oxides. For lower iron initial thickness (di = 4 nm) the time constant for oxidation significantly increases reaching a value of 2 days. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies performed after 144 days of oxidation revealed formation of hematite ($alpha$-Fe2O3) thin film on the metallic rest of iron.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We have studied oxidation kinetics of Fe thin film under atmospheric conditions using the fact that metallic iron is a ferromagnet but ultrathin natural iron oxides are approximately nonmagnetic at room temperature. As a consequence, oxidation is associated with a loss in total Fe magnetic moment. Results show that the sample with an initial Fe thickness equal to 10 nm oxidize relatively fast (time constant $tau$ = 0:05 day), whereby a constant amount of 2.5 nm of metal is transformed into oxides. For lower iron initial thickness (di = 4 nm) the time constant for oxidation significantly increases reaching a value of 2 days. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies performed after 144 days of oxidation revealed formation of hematite ($alpha$-Fe2O3) thin film on the metallic rest of iron.
90.
Modrzejewska-Sikorska, Anna; Konował, Emilia; Cichy, Adam; Nowicki, Marek; Jesionowski, Teofil; Milczarek, Grzegorz
The effect of silver salts and lignosulfonates in the synthesis of lignosulfonate-stabilized silver nanoparticles Journal Article
In: Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 240, pp. 80–86, 2017, ISSN: 01677322.
@article{Modrzejewska-Sikorska2017,
title = {The effect of silver salts and lignosulfonates in the synthesis of lignosulfonate-stabilized silver nanoparticles},
author = {Anna Modrzejewska-Sikorska and Emilia Konował and Adam Cichy and Marek Nowicki and Teofil Jesionowski and Grzegorz Milczarek},
doi = {10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.065},
issn = {01677322},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Molecular Liquids},
volume = {240},
pages = {80--86},
abstract = {Water-soluble lignin derivatives – technical lignosulfonates (LS) – were used as reducing and stabilizing agents for a simple synthesis of silver nanoparticles (LS-AgNPs) in aqueous solution at room temperature during the reaction with silver salt. Three salts were used as the metal precursor: AgClO4, AgBF4 and CH3C6H4SO3Ag. The obtained silver colloids were analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, particle size distribution (NIBS method), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both the origin of the biomacromolecule and the type of silver salt contribute to the final size and shape of the LS-AgNPs. Therefore the selection of different reagents can be used to control the AgNPs size. As a possible application, the obtained silver particles were studied for their catalytic activity in the reduction of three dyes – C.I. Basic Blue 9 (methylene blue), C.I. Basic Violet 10 (rhodamine B) and C.I. Basic Orange 14 (acridine orange) – by sodium borohydride.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Water-soluble lignin derivatives – technical lignosulfonates (LS) – were used as reducing and stabilizing agents for a simple synthesis of silver nanoparticles (LS-AgNPs) in aqueous solution at room temperature during the reaction with silver salt. Three salts were used as the metal precursor: AgClO4, AgBF4 and CH3C6H4SO3Ag. The obtained silver colloids were analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, particle size distribution (NIBS method), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both the origin of the biomacromolecule and the type of silver salt contribute to the final size and shape of the LS-AgNPs. Therefore the selection of different reagents can be used to control the AgNPs size. As a possible application, the obtained silver particles were studied for their catalytic activity in the reduction of three dyes – C.I. Basic Blue 9 (methylene blue), C.I. Basic Violet 10 (rhodamine B) and C.I. Basic Orange 14 (acridine orange) – by sodium borohydride.
91.
Zdarta, Jakub; Klapiszewski, Lukasz; Jcedrzak, Artur; Nowicki, Marek; Moszynski, Dariusz; Jesionowski, Teofil
Lipase B from candida Antarctica immobilized on a silica-lignin matrix as a stable and reusable biocatalytic system Journal Article
In: Catalysts, vol. 7, no. 14, pp. 0100(21), 2017, ISSN: 20734344.
@article{Zdarta2017,
title = {Lipase B from candida Antarctica immobilized on a silica-lignin matrix as a stable and reusable biocatalytic system},
author = {Jakub Zdarta and Lukasz Klapiszewski and Artur Jcedrzak and Marek Nowicki and Dariusz Moszynski and Teofil Jesionowski},
doi = {10.3390/catal7010014},
issn = {20734344},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Catalysts},
volume = {7},
number = {14},
pages = {0100(21)},
abstract = {A study was conducted of the possible use of a silica-lignin hybrid as a novel support for the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica. Results obtained by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as the determination of changes in porous structure parameters, confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite matrix. Based on a hydrolysis reaction, a determination was made of the retention of activity of the immobilized lipase, found to be 92% of that of the native enzyme. Immobilization on a silica-lignin matrix produces systems with maximum activity at pH = 8 and at a temperature of 40 °C. The immobilized enzyme exhibited increased thermal and chemical stability and retained more than 80% of its activity after 20 reaction cycles. Moreover immobilized lipase exhibited over 80% of its activity at pH range 7–9 and temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C, while native Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) exhibited the same only at pH = 7 and temperature of 30 °C.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A study was conducted of the possible use of a silica-lignin hybrid as a novel support for the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica. Results obtained by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as the determination of changes in porous structure parameters, confirmed the effective immobilization of the enzyme on the surface of the composite matrix. Based on a hydrolysis reaction, a determination was made of the retention of activity of the immobilized lipase, found to be 92% of that of the native enzyme. Immobilization on a silica-lignin matrix produces systems with maximum activity at pH = 8 and at a temperature of 40 °C. The immobilized enzyme exhibited increased thermal and chemical stability and retained more than 80% of its activity after 20 reaction cycles. Moreover immobilized lipase exhibited over 80% of its activity at pH range 7–9 and temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C, while native Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) exhibited the same only at pH = 7 and temperature of 30 °C.
92.
Kang, Jungmin; Eguchi, Toyoaki; Kawamoto, Erina; Matsushita, Stephane Yu; Haga, Kenya; Kanagawa, Shino; Wawro, Andrzej; Czajka, Ryszard; Kato, Hiroki; Suto, Shozo
In: Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 122, no. 9, pp. 095303(8), 2017, ISSN: 10897550.
@article{Kang2017,
title = {Effects of the deposition rate on growth modes of Ag islands on the hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-(1 × 1) surface: The role of surface energy and quantum size effect},
author = {Jungmin Kang and Toyoaki Eguchi and Erina Kawamoto and Stephane Yu Matsushita and Kenya Haga and Shino Kanagawa and Andrzej Wawro and Ryszard Czajka and Hiroki Kato and Shozo Suto},
doi = {10.1063/1.5000699},
issn = {10897550},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Physics},
volume = {122},
number = {9},
pages = {095303(8)},
abstract = {We have investigated the early stage of Ag island growth at 2 monolayer (ML) coverage on the hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-(1 × 1) surface using low-energy electron-diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. First, it is found that the Ag(10) LEED pattern varies from arc-like spots to three spots by changing the Ag deposition rate from 1.0×10^(-1) (a fast deposition rate) to 1.1×10^(-4) (a slow deposition rate) ML/s. Second, STM observation reveals that adsorbed Ag atoms grow into dome-like three dimensional (3D) clusters at the fast deposition rate and flat-top two dimensional (2D) islands at the slow deposition rate. Third, most abundant 2D islands show the 8 atomic layer height, which coincides with that obtained from the quantum size effect. The side structures of 2D islands agree well with those calculated from Wulff theory. We will discuss the exact nature of 3D clusters and 2D islands of Ag grown on the hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-(1 × 1) surface and these results indicate the possibility of using kinetic controlled growth to investigate the physics of crystal growth.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We have investigated the early stage of Ag island growth at 2 monolayer (ML) coverage on the hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-(1 × 1) surface using low-energy electron-diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. First, it is found that the Ag(10) LEED pattern varies from arc-like spots to three spots by changing the Ag deposition rate from 1.0×10^(-1) (a fast deposition rate) to 1.1×10^(-4) (a slow deposition rate) ML/s. Second, STM observation reveals that adsorbed Ag atoms grow into dome-like three dimensional (3D) clusters at the fast deposition rate and flat-top two dimensional (2D) islands at the slow deposition rate. Third, most abundant 2D islands show the 8 atomic layer height, which coincides with that obtained from the quantum size effect. The side structures of 2D islands agree well with those calculated from Wulff theory. We will discuss the exact nature of 3D clusters and 2D islands of Ag grown on the hydrogen-terminated Si(111)-(1 × 1) surface and these results indicate the possibility of using kinetic controlled growth to investigate the physics of crystal growth.
93.
Koczorowski, Wojciech; Kuświk, Piotr; Przychodnia, Marta; Wiesner, Klaudia; El-Ahmar, Semir; Szybowicz, Mirosław; Nowicki, Marek; Strupiński, Włodzimierz; Czajka, Ryszard
CMOS- compatible fabrication method of graphene-based micro devices Journal Article
In: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, vol. 67, pp. 92–97, 2017, ISSN: 13698001.
@article{Koczorowski2017,
title = {CMOS- compatible fabrication method of graphene-based micro devices},
author = {Wojciech Koczorowski and Piotr Kuświk and Marta Przychodnia and Klaudia Wiesner and Semir El-Ahmar and Mirosław Szybowicz and Marek Nowicki and Włodzimierz Strupiński and Ryszard Czajka},
doi = {10.1016/j.mssp.2017.05.021},
issn = {13698001},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing},
volume = {67},
pages = {92--97},
abstract = {In this paper we present the CMOS-compatible procedure for graphene-based planar electronic devices (i.e. magnetic field sensor) fabrication in the hundreds of micrometer scale by using of: combined photolithography, Ar+ ion sputtering and DC magnetron metal evaporation processes. In our approach, the conductive channels based on the single graphene layer on the SiC substrate have been fabricated by Ar+ ion sputtering, instead of reactive - ion etching techniques. The proposed solution prevents against semiconductor surface oxidation and therefore is much more compatible with the standard CMOS technology. The processed graphene channels and devices demonstrate similar properties as fabricated by means of the early used procedures. That underline usefulness of the presented approach in many fields of applications, i.e.: the devices which contain graphene channels on standard reactive, semiconductor surfaces.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper we present the CMOS-compatible procedure for graphene-based planar electronic devices (i.e. magnetic field sensor) fabrication in the hundreds of micrometer scale by using of: combined photolithography, Ar+ ion sputtering and DC magnetron metal evaporation processes. In our approach, the conductive channels based on the single graphene layer on the SiC substrate have been fabricated by Ar+ ion sputtering, instead of reactive - ion etching techniques. The proposed solution prevents against semiconductor surface oxidation and therefore is much more compatible with the standard CMOS technology. The processed graphene channels and devices demonstrate similar properties as fabricated by means of the early used procedures. That underline usefulness of the presented approach in many fields of applications, i.e.: the devices which contain graphene channels on standard reactive, semiconductor surfaces.
94.
El-Ahmar, Semir; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Poźniak, Artur A.; Kuświk, Piotr; Strupiński, Włodzimierz; Czajka, Ryszard
Graphene-based magnetoresistance device utilizing strip pattern geometry Journal Article
In: Applied Physics Letters, vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 043503(5), 2017, ISSN: 00036951.
@article{El-Ahmar2017,
title = {Graphene-based magnetoresistance device utilizing strip pattern geometry},
author = {Semir El-Ahmar and Wojciech Koczorowski and Artur A. Poźniak and Piotr Kuświk and Włodzimierz Strupiński and Ryszard Czajka},
doi = {10.1063/1.4974938},
issn = {00036951},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
volume = {110},
number = {4},
pages = {043503(5)},
abstract = {The idea of a raster pattern magnetoresistor made of thin films of III-V compounds and a metallic layer has been known for over fifty years. Based on this knowledge, we present the construction of a magnetoresistor made of combined graphene and metallic strip patterns. The presented device is implemented using a monolayer of graphene epitaxially grown on a semi-insulating substrate. A graphene strip pattern magnetoresistor gives a promising wide range of practical applications due to its very high sensitivity combined with the mono-atomic thickness of the sensitive layer, the simplicity of realization, and a very convenient principle of sensor operation assuming only the usage of two electrical terminals.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The idea of a raster pattern magnetoresistor made of thin films of III-V compounds and a metallic layer has been known for over fifty years. Based on this knowledge, we present the construction of a magnetoresistor made of combined graphene and metallic strip patterns. The presented device is implemented using a monolayer of graphene epitaxially grown on a semi-insulating substrate. A graphene strip pattern magnetoresistor gives a promising wide range of practical applications due to its very high sensitivity combined with the mono-atomic thickness of the sensitive layer, the simplicity of realization, and a very convenient principle of sensor operation assuming only the usage of two electrical terminals.
95.
Koczorowski, Wojciech; Grzela, Tomasz; Puchalska, Agnieszka; Jurczyszyn, Leszek; Czajka, Ryszard; Radny, Marian W.
Reversible, long-term passivation of Ge(001) by a Ba-induced incorporated phase Journal Article
In: Applied Surface Science, vol. 419, pp. 305–310, 2017, ISSN: 01694332.
@article{Koczorowski2017a,
title = {Reversible, long-term passivation of Ge(001) by a Ba-induced incorporated phase},
author = {Wojciech Koczorowski and Tomasz Grzela and Agnieszka Puchalska and Leszek Jurczyszyn and Ryszard Czajka and Marian W. Radny},
doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.04.251},
issn = {01694332},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Applied Surface Science},
volume = {419},
pages = {305--310},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {Thermal stability and passivation properties of Ba-induced incorporation phase on Ge(001) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions are investigated using scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We show that the generic c(4 × 2) reconstruction of Ge(001) can be easily reinstated in the Ba/Ge(001) sample, stored for more than 40 days under UHV and room temperature conditions, just by thermal annealing at 1070 K under UHV. Our data implies that this process occurs predominantly via temperature assisted desorption of Ba adatoms from the on-top phase formed as an intermediate during annealing process and known to preserve the c(4 × 2) reconstruction of Ge(001). The reported results indicate that the Ba-induced incorporated phase on Ge(001) is very effective in protecting the Ge(001) substrate against destructive adsorption of residual gases and can be utilized for long-term, non-destructive Ge sample storage under UHV conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Thermal stability and passivation properties of Ba-induced incorporation phase on Ge(001) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions are investigated using scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We show that the generic c(4 × 2) reconstruction of Ge(001) can be easily reinstated in the Ba/Ge(001) sample, stored for more than 40 days under UHV and room temperature conditions, just by thermal annealing at 1070 K under UHV. Our data implies that this process occurs predominantly via temperature assisted desorption of Ba adatoms from the on-top phase formed as an intermediate during annealing process and known to preserve the c(4 × 2) reconstruction of Ge(001). The reported results indicate that the Ba-induced incorporated phase on Ge(001) is very effective in protecting the Ge(001) substrate against destructive adsorption of residual gases and can be utilized for long-term, non-destructive Ge sample storage under UHV conditions.
96.
Oszwałdowski, Maciej; El-Ahmar, Semir
Double Hall sensor structure reducing voltage offset Journal Article
In: Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 075005(7), 2017, ISSN: 10897623.
@article{Oszwadowski2017,
title = {Double Hall sensor structure reducing voltage offset},
author = {Maciej Oszwałdowski and Semir El-Ahmar},
doi = {10.1063/1.4993615},
issn = {10897623},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
volume = {88},
number = {7},
pages = {075005(7)},
abstract = {In this paper, we report on the double Hall sensor structure (DHSS) in which the voltage offset can be effectively reduced. The DHSS is composed of two standard Hall sensors that are activated with two currents from electrically independent current sources. The operation principle of the DHSS is explained in detail, and the concluded properties of the DHSS are confirmed in the experimental part of the paper. The measurements are performed on DHSSs based on InSb thin films. The offset is reduced by about three orders of magnitude. The minimum value of the reduced offset obtained is 10 $mu$V. It appears that the minimum reduced offset is limited by the electric noise. The advantage of DHSS is that it can be manufactured with the standard thin film technology enabling effective miniaturization of the system. The DHSS can effectively be used for the measurements of the Hall effect in ultra-thin layers containing the two dimensional electron gas, such as the epitaxial graphene.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In this paper, we report on the double Hall sensor structure (DHSS) in which the voltage offset can be effectively reduced. The DHSS is composed of two standard Hall sensors that are activated with two currents from electrically independent current sources. The operation principle of the DHSS is explained in detail, and the concluded properties of the DHSS are confirmed in the experimental part of the paper. The measurements are performed on DHSSs based on InSb thin films. The offset is reduced by about three orders of magnitude. The minimum value of the reduced offset obtained is 10 $mu$V. It appears that the minimum reduced offset is limited by the electric noise. The advantage of DHSS is that it can be manufactured with the standard thin film technology enabling effective miniaturization of the system. The DHSS can effectively be used for the measurements of the Hall effect in ultra-thin layers containing the two dimensional electron gas, such as the epitaxial graphene.
97.
Sierda, Emil; Abadía, Mikel; Brede, Jens; Elsebach, Micha; Bugenhagen, Bernhard; Prosenc, Marc H.; Bazarnik, Maciej; Wiesendanger, Roland
On-Surface Oligomerization of Self-Terminating Molecular Chains for the Design of Spintronic Devices Journal Article
In: ACS Nano, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 9200–9206, 2017, ISSN: 1936086X.
@article{Sierda2017,
title = {On-Surface Oligomerization of Self-Terminating Molecular Chains for the Design of Spintronic Devices},
author = {Emil Sierda and Mikel Abadía and Jens Brede and Micha Elsebach and Bernhard Bugenhagen and Marc H. Prosenc and Maciej Bazarnik and Roland Wiesendanger},
doi = {10.1021/acsnano.7b04194},
issn = {1936086X},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
urldate = {2017-01-01},
journal = {ACS Nano},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {9200--9206},
abstract = {Molecular spintronics is currently attracting a lot of attention due to its great advantages over traditional electronics. A variety of self-assembled molecule-based devices are under development, but studies regarding the reliability of the growth process remain rare. Here, we present a method to control the length of molecular spintronic chains and to make their terminations chemically inert, thereby suppressing uncontrolled coupling to surface defects. The temperature evolution of chain formation was followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine optimal growth conditions. The final structures of the chains were then studied, using scanning tunneling microscopy, as a function of oligomerization conditions. We find that short chains are readily synthesized with high yields and that long chains, even exceeding 70mers, can be realized under optimized growth parameters, albeit with reduced yields.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Molecular spintronics is currently attracting a lot of attention due to its great advantages over traditional electronics. A variety of self-assembled molecule-based devices are under development, but studies regarding the reliability of the growth process remain rare. Here, we present a method to control the length of molecular spintronic chains and to make their terminations chemically inert, thereby suppressing uncontrolled coupling to surface defects. The temperature evolution of chain formation was followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine optimal growth conditions. The final structures of the chains were then studied, using scanning tunneling microscopy, as a function of oligomerization conditions. We find that short chains are readily synthesized with high yields and that long chains, even exceeding 70mers, can be realized under optimized growth parameters, albeit with reduced yields.
2016
98.
Skoryna, Juliusz; Wachowiak, Mateusz; Marczyńska, Agnieszka; Rogowska, Aleksanda; Majchrzycki, Łukasz; Koczorowski, Wojciech; Czajka, Ryszard; Smardz, Lesław
Correlation between interlayer exchange coupling and hydrogen absorption in V-Fe layered structures Journal Article
In: Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 303, pp. 119–124, 2016, ISSN: 02578972.
@article{Skoryna2016,
title = {Correlation between interlayer exchange coupling and hydrogen absorption in V-Fe layered structures},
author = {Juliusz Skoryna and Mateusz Wachowiak and Agnieszka Marczyńska and Aleksanda Rogowska and Łukasz Majchrzycki and Wojciech Koczorowski and Ryszard Czajka and Lesław Smardz},
doi = {10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.03.051},
issn = {02578972},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Surface and Coatings Technology},
volume = {303},
pages = {119--124},
abstract = {4 nm – Fe/dV-V/4 nm – Fe trilayers were prepared at room temperature using UHV (5 × 10^(-10) mbar) magnetron sputtering. A capping layer of 5 nm Pd was used to allow a fast uptake and release of hydrogen and to avoid oxidation of the top Fe sublayers. As a substrate we have used Si(100) wafers with an oxidised surface. The cleanness and planar growth of all layers was checked in-situ, immediately after deposition by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Planar growth was also revealed in ex-situ studies by Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy. In the case of the trilayers the bottom and the top Fe sublayers were deposited in different deposition conditions to obtain relatively high difference in their coercive fields. Interlayer exchange coupling across vanadium was studied for “as prepared”, hydrogenated and dehydrogenated samples using minor hysteresis loop measurements. We have observed the strongest antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer exchange coupling energy of about 0.023 mJ/m^2 for hydrogenated sample. Results from the minor hysteresis loop measurements as a function of vanadium layer thickness for “as prepared” or dehydrogenated samples show three AFM peaks near dV $sim$ 1.95, 2.85, and 3.9 nm without transition to pure ferromagnetic coupling. Hydrogenation of the trilayers changes reversibly the interlayer exchange coupling strength and position of the 2nd and 3rd AFM peak.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
4 nm – Fe/dV-V/4 nm – Fe trilayers were prepared at room temperature using UHV (5 × 10^(-10) mbar) magnetron sputtering. A capping layer of 5 nm Pd was used to allow a fast uptake and release of hydrogen and to avoid oxidation of the top Fe sublayers. As a substrate we have used Si(100) wafers with an oxidised surface. The cleanness and planar growth of all layers was checked in-situ, immediately after deposition by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Planar growth was also revealed in ex-situ studies by Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy. In the case of the trilayers the bottom and the top Fe sublayers were deposited in different deposition conditions to obtain relatively high difference in their coercive fields. Interlayer exchange coupling across vanadium was studied for “as prepared”, hydrogenated and dehydrogenated samples using minor hysteresis loop measurements. We have observed the strongest antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer exchange coupling energy of about 0.023 mJ/m^2 for hydrogenated sample. Results from the minor hysteresis loop measurements as a function of vanadium layer thickness for “as prepared” or dehydrogenated samples show three AFM peaks near dV $sim$ 1.95, 2.85, and 3.9 nm without transition to pure ferromagnetic coupling. Hydrogenation of the trilayers changes reversibly the interlayer exchange coupling strength and position of the 2nd and 3rd AFM peak.
99.
Przybylak, Marcin; Maciejewski, Hieronim; Dutkiewicz, Agnieszka; Dcabek, Izabela; Nowicki, Marek
Fabrication of superhydrophobic cotton fabrics by a simple chemical modification Journal Article
In: Cellulose, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 2185–2197, 2016, ISSN: 1572882X.
@article{Przybylak2016,
title = {Fabrication of superhydrophobic cotton fabrics by a simple chemical modification},
author = {Marcin Przybylak and Hieronim Maciejewski and Agnieszka Dutkiewicz and Izabela Dcabek and Marek Nowicki},
doi = {10.1007/s10570-016-0940-z},
issn = {1572882X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Cellulose},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {2185--2197},
abstract = {Hydrophobization of cotton fabrics was carried out with the use of bifunctional polysiloxanes with various contents of functional groups. Polysiloxanes contained in their structure groups capable of bonding to substrates (trialkoxysilyl or glycidyl ones) and fluoroalkyl groups showing surface activity. Two methods of surface modification were compared: (1) a one-step method via the chemical modification of fabrics with solutions of bifunctional polysiloxanes and (2) a two-step method—via preliminary modification of fabrics with silica sol followed by chemical modification with solutions of bifunctional polysiloxanes. The hydrophobicity was determined by measuring the water contact angle by drop profile tensiometry. Changes in the surface topography were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Superhydrophobic fabrics were obtained by a simple one-step method by the chemical modification in solutions of bifunctional polysiloxanes. The fabrics maintained their superhydrophobic properties even after multiple washings. The modification does not cause any changes visible to the naked eye, such as stiffening, color changes or a decrease in mechanical properties.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hydrophobization of cotton fabrics was carried out with the use of bifunctional polysiloxanes with various contents of functional groups. Polysiloxanes contained in their structure groups capable of bonding to substrates (trialkoxysilyl or glycidyl ones) and fluoroalkyl groups showing surface activity. Two methods of surface modification were compared: (1) a one-step method via the chemical modification of fabrics with solutions of bifunctional polysiloxanes and (2) a two-step method—via preliminary modification of fabrics with silica sol followed by chemical modification with solutions of bifunctional polysiloxanes. The hydrophobicity was determined by measuring the water contact angle by drop profile tensiometry. Changes in the surface topography were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Superhydrophobic fabrics were obtained by a simple one-step method by the chemical modification in solutions of bifunctional polysiloxanes. The fabrics maintained their superhydrophobic properties even after multiple washings. The modification does not cause any changes visible to the naked eye, such as stiffening, color changes or a decrease in mechanical properties.
100.
Ewert, Moritz; Schmidt, Thomas; Flege, Jan Ingo; Heidmann, Inga; Grzela, Tomasz; Klesse, Wolfgang M.; Foerster, Michael; Aballe, Lucia; Schroeder, Thomas; Falta, Jens
Morphology and chemical composition of cobalt germanide islands on Ge(001) Journal Article
In: Nanotechnology, vol. 27, no. 32, pp. 325705(7), 2016, ISSN: 13616528.
@article{Ewert2016,
title = {Morphology and chemical composition of cobalt germanide islands on Ge(001)},
author = {Moritz Ewert and Thomas Schmidt and Jan Ingo Flege and Inga Heidmann and Tomasz Grzela and Wolfgang M. Klesse and Michael Foerster and Lucia Aballe and Thomas Schroeder and Jens Falta},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/27/32/325705},
issn = {13616528},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
urldate = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
volume = {27},
number = {32},
pages = {325705(7)},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
abstract = {The reactive growth of cobalt germanide on Ge(001) was investigated by means of in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy photoemission electron microscopy (XAS-PEEM), micro-illumination low-energy electron diffraction ($mu$-LEED), and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). At a Co deposition temperature of 670 °C, a rich morphology with different island shapes and dimensions is observed, and a correlation between island morphology and stoichiometry is found. By combining XAS-PEEM and $mu$-LEED, we were able to identify a large part of the islands to consist of CoGe2, with many of them having an unusual epitaxial relationship: CoGe2 Ge. Side facets with (112) and (113) orientation have been found for such islands. However, two additional phases were observed, most likely Co5Ge7 and CoGe. Comparing growth on Ge(001) single crystals and on Ge(001)/Si(001) epilayer substrates, the occurrence of these intermediate phases seems to be promoted by defects or residual strain.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The reactive growth of cobalt germanide on Ge(001) was investigated by means of in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy photoemission electron microscopy (XAS-PEEM), micro-illumination low-energy electron diffraction ($mu$-LEED), and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). At a Co deposition temperature of 670 °C, a rich morphology with different island shapes and dimensions is observed, and a correlation between island morphology and stoichiometry is found. By combining XAS-PEEM and $mu$-LEED, we were able to identify a large part of the islands to consist of CoGe2, with many of them having an unusual epitaxial relationship: CoGe2 Ge. Side facets with (112) and (113) orientation have been found for such islands. However, two additional phases were observed, most likely Co5Ge7 and CoGe. Comparing growth on Ge(001) single crystals and on Ge(001)/Si(001) epilayer substrates, the occurrence of these intermediate phases seems to be promoted by defects or residual strain.
